"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" PPT courseware on the Western world under the Versailles-Washington system

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"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" PPT courseware on the Western world under the Versailles-Washington system

think about it

In the face of this major economic crisis, what countermeasures have the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan and other countries adopted?

Answer: Since the historical characteristics and political and economic conditions of each imperialist country are different, under the impact of the world economic crisis, the way out of the crisis is also different. In order to safeguard the interests of the monopoly bourgeoisie, the President of the United States got rid of the crisis by implementing ( ) ; Germany, Italy, and Japan are heading towards the path of ( ).

Courseware Demonstration Reading Outline (Guide students to explore, communicate, discuss, and practice.)

1. What does "Nazi" mean? Why is it called a "fascist" force?

2. How did Hitler establish the fascist regime in Germany? What kind of disaster has this regime caused?

3. How did fascist regimes emerge in Italy and Japan? What disasters did they cause?

4. What are the differences in the establishment time, important figures, and landmark events of the three fascist regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan? What do they have in common in terms of establishing context and historical influence?

5. What were the reasons for the formation of the Axis Group? What impact will it have?

1. The establishment and strengthening of Italian fascist rule:

1. Establish:

(1) Background: After World War I, Italy experienced economic recession, political chaos, and rising worker and peasant movements.

(2) Symbol: In 1922, the Fascist Party marched on Rome and Mussolini established a dictatorship.

2. Strengthening: (1) Background: The economic crisis has hit Italy hard. (2) Strengthening: Under the attack of the economic crisis, Mussolini strengthened the fascist dictatorship in an attempt to pass the crisis through external expansion.

3. Violence

(1) Domestic dictatorship;

(2) Foreign aggression and expansion. (For example: Invading Ethiopia)

2. The establishment of fascist rule in Germany:

1. Background of the establishment of the Nazi regime

think

The relationship between economic crisis and the establishment of fascist regimes?

Economic crisis → leading to a decline in people’s living standards → intensification of class conflicts → triggering a political crisis → the government’s inability to solve → the Nazi Party took advantage of the situation to grow and develop → the establishment of the Nazi regime

“Red symbolizes the social significance of our movement,

White symbolizes nationalist ideas. The character ‘�’ symbolizes the mission of fighting for the victory of the Aryan people. "

Nazi is the Chinese transliteration of Nazi, the abbreviation of the German word National Socialist.

The Nazi Party refers to the German fascist party. That is, the National Socialist German Workers Party. It was once translated as the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (referred to as the National Socialist Party).

2. The rise of Nazi power

The world economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 provided an opportunity for the rise of the Nazi Party headed by Hitler. They used deceptive means to launch propaganda activities and took advantage of the opportunity to expand their power.

Performance:

①Defraud the trust of middle and lower class people

② Obtain strong political and economic support from the ruling class and big monopoly capitalists

③Intensify collusion with the military

④ Inciting national revanchism and racial fanaticism, etc.

3. Hitler came to power

In the context of a very serious political crisis, Hitler came to power in ( ) and gradually combined the power of the president and prime minister into one person, becoming the head of state. His coming to power marked the beginning of the world war.

After Hitler came to power, he set out to establish a series of fascist terror dictatorships.

Why did the German fascists persecute the Jews?

① Historical reasons: Europe has a long tradition of anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism has always been the religious duty of the Holy See. Secular traditional forces often combine religious persecution of Jews with economic plunder.

② Personal reasons: Hitler has been extremely disgusted with the Jews psychologically and ideologically since he was a child. In the book "Mein Kampf", he clamored that the Jews are the enemies of all mankind, the destroyers of human civilization, and the "scum" of the great country of Germany. .

③ Western powers implemented a policy of appeasement, retreating from the Nazis and appeasing them, which led to the escalation of the Nazi persecution of the Jews.

Come up with some conclusive and powerful evidence to refute the German fascist slander against the Jewish nation.

evidence:

1. Marx and Einstein, the ideological giants with decisive influence in the contemporary world, are Jews.

2. There are many talented Jewish economists. Among the winners of the previous Nobel Prize in Economics, about one-third are Jews.

3. Jews pursue knowledge and have a high level of education. According to statistics, nearly 90% of Jewish men in the United States have received a college education, and 30% of Jewish men have obtained a doctorate.

3. The Japanese fascists came to power

"226" Incident

On February 26, 1936 (Showa 11), 1,483 young army officers and soldiers rebelled in Japan. It was an attempted military coup launched by Imperial soldiers. The failure of the coup gave the ruling faction headed by Tojo Hideki the opportunity to clean up the political power of the hostile Emperor's faction soldiers, and Japanese militarism was consolidated. The origin of the Sino-Japanese War.

The February 26 Incident was the last military coup launched by Japanese fascist young officers. Taking this incident as an opportunity, Okada Keisuke's cabinet resigned, and the military strengthened their political voice with bloody repression. After Koki Hirota formed the cabinet, under the strong request of General Toruichi Terauchi, the candidate for the Minister of War, he agreed to restore the active-duty military attache system of the Minister of War. The military had the power to overthrow the cabinet at any time. After that, Japan quickly moved towards the path of military fascist dictatorship.

World war, the source of war in Asia, was formed

1. Background: The economic crisis has spread to Japan, resulting in extremely sharp class contradictions in Japan. In order to escape the economic and political crisis, the military forces, the supporters and concentration center of Japanese fascist forces, began to rise. They advocated external expansion to pass on the crisis.

2. Founder: Japanese Military Ministry - a fascist organization without a political party form.

3. Sign of establishment: In 1936, the Japanese military took control of the cabinet, marking the establishment of Japanese fascist rule.

4. Violence:

(1) The war of aggression against China was launched on September 18, 1931;

(2) Launched a full-scale war of aggression against China on July 7, 1937.

(3) Carrying out the brutal Nanjing Massacre, killing more than 300,000 unarmed Chinese soldiers and civilians;

(4) Launch bacterial warfare and poison gas warfare, and use living people for bacterial experiments;

(5) Implement the "Three Guangs Policy" and "big sweeps" in base areas behind enemy lines;

(6) Create no-man’s land, etc.

5. Influence: World War II was formed as the source of the Asian war.

4. The formation of the Axis Powers:

1. Time: 1937.

2. Name: Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis, also known as the "Axis Group".

3. The main reason for its formation: The purpose of the alliance of the fascist regimes of Germany, Italy and Japan was to realize their respective aggressive ambitions, and to point the finger at the then socialist country, the Soviet Union, to resist the development of the international communist movement and to seek hegemony. world.

4. Member States: Germany, Italy, Japan

5. Nature: Aggressive military and political group.

6. Impact: The world is facing fascist attack, and world peace is facing threats.

Multiple choice questions

1. The order of establishment of fascist dictatorship in the following countries is ( )

① Germany ② Italy ③ Japan

A. ①②③ B.②①③ C.①③② D.②③①

2. The supporters and concentration of Japanese fascist forces are ( )

A.Japanese Parliament B.Japanese Cabinet

C. Japanese Privy Council D. Japanese Military Ministry

3. Italian fascist dictatorship, established in ( )

A. 1922 B. 1933

C．1935 D．1939

4． The main purpose of establishing the "Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis" is ()

A. Strengthen cooperation

B. Deal with the Soviet Union

C. Dealing with Britain, France and the United States

D. The need for common interests in competing for world hegemony

summary:

The knowledge in this lesson can be summarized as "one", "two" and "three".

"One" refers to a major economic crisis (1929~1933 economic crisis)

"Two" refers to the two sources of war (Europe and Asia)

"Three" refers to the Three Axis Group of Powers (Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis)

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Update Time: 2024-10-24

This template belongs to History courseware Ninth Grade History Volume 2, published by Zhonghua Book Company industry PPT template

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