"Exploring the Silk Road" The establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT

"Exploring the Silk Road" The establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT

Part One: Research 1: How far is the Silk Road

Chang'an - Hexi Corridor - Yumen Pass, Yangguan - present-day Xinjiang region - Central Asia, West Asia - Europe

1. Zhang Qian traveled west from ( ) and finally arrived at ( ).

2. The starting point of the Han Silk Road is ( ) and the end point is ( ).

You discovered: The Silk Road continued to extend westward to Europe based on Zhang Qian’s mission to the Western Regions, and the distance was even further.

Let’s take a look. Which countries do the parts of the world that the Silk Road passed through now belong to?

Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Romania, Italy

Conclusion: The journey is long, the terrain is harsh and difficult.

Exploring the Silk Road PPT, part 2: Exploration 2: Why is the Silk Road smooth?

Historical data one:

"(The Han Dynasty) began to build garrison along the road, and extended the Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang to the west to protect against the Xiongnu. The original purpose of extending the ancient Great Wall westward was naturally to protect the newly opened highway to Central Asia. Qin Shihuang's The Great Wall was purely defensive in nature...but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty intended the Great Wall to be a tool for a large-scale forward policy."

——"Stein's Archeology of the Western Regions"

Historical data two:

"From the west of Dunhuang to Yanze (Lop Nur), pavilions (beacon fire pavilions built on the border in ancient times) were often set up, and there were hundreds of field soldiers (garrison soldiers) in Luntai and Quli, and envoys and captains were placed to lead and protect them. To envoys from foreign countries.”

——"Hanshu·Biography of the Western Regions"

According to historical data, what effective measures did the Western Han Dynasty take to protect the Silk Road?

Build the Great Wall; build military defense facilities along the line; set up officials to guard it.

Historical data three: According to "Zizhi Tongjian", in November of the first year of Yuanhe (84), Beidan Chanyu sent people to drive more than 10,000 cattle and horses to trade with merchants of the Han Dynasty. When the princes of the Northern Huns came, their respective counties would set up official residences to receive them.

This historical data explains why the Silk Road was unimpeded?

Foreign trade was encouraged, official residences were set up for reception, and ethnic minorities (Xiongnu) and Han people had frequent exchanges and increasingly integrated, and jointly protected the Silk Road.

Exploring the Silk Road PPT, the third part: Exploring 3 Where does the Silk Road show its charm?

Qiuci became the political, economic, military and cultural center of the Western Regions for the rulers of the Central Dynasty.

Dunhuang is the center and transit station for East-West trade.

explore data

Turtle Ci Country, one of the ancient Western Kingdoms, has residents who are good at music. The ancient city is located in Pilang Village, about two kilometers west of Kuqa County. During the Han and Tang Dynasties of our country, the central government took Qiuci as the political center and established political institutions to manage the Western Regions.

Qiuci was the capital of a major country in the Western Regions in ancient my country. In the third year of Yongyuan (AD 91), Emperor He of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Chao moved the Western Regions Protectorate to Qiuci when he was appointed the Protector. In the 22nd year of Tang Zhenguan (AD 648) and the 2nd year of Tang Xianqing (AD 657), the Anxi Protectorate was twice established in Qiuci, with jurisdiction over 4 towns, 16 prefectures, and 72 prefectures.

Dunhuang is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, and a national historical and cultural city in China. Dunhuang is located on the Silk Road, an important transportation route from ancient China to the Western Regions, Central Asia and Europe. It once had prosperous commercial activities. Famous for the "Dunhuang Grottoes" and "Dunhuang Murals", it is the location of the World Heritage Mogao Grottoes and the Yumen Pass and Yang Pass on the border of the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty.

Exploring the Silk Road PPT, Part 4: Self-frequency measurement

1. Qin Shihuang’s measures to consolidate the centralized state

1. Politically: establishing a centralized bureaucracy

2. Legally: unified laws (field laws, thieves orders)

3. Culturally: unified writing (Xiaozhuan)

4. Economically: unified currency (round money with square holes) and weights and measures

5. Transportation: overhaul the track and unify the tracks

6. Ideologically: Burning books and trapping Confucians

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took measures to consolidate the centralized state P56--57

1. Politically: (1) Pushing the favor order

(2) Supervision system (set up a system of governors and governors)

2. Economically: The central government minted currency uniformly, and the salt and iron were exclusively used.

3. Ideologically and culturally:

(1) Adopt Dong Zhongshu’s opinion to “depose all schools of thought and respect only Confucianism.”

(2) Vigorously promote Confucian education, establish Taixue in Chang'an, and set up Sili Xiaowei in local areas.

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