"Exploration of the Socialist Road" Exploration of the Soviet Socialist Road PPT Courseware 2

"Exploration of the Socialist Road" Exploration of the Soviet Socialist Road PPT Courseware 2

Review questions:

In order to attack the enemy and safeguard the fruits of victory of the revolution, under the leadership of the Party and Lenin, what measures did Soviet Russia take economically?

Implementing the "war communist policy":

①The main measure is to implement a surplus grain collection system to collect grain and other agricultural products from farmers;

② Nationalize small and medium-sized enterprises;

③Abolish free trade and centralize the distribution of all daily necessities and food by the state.

1. Lenin’s exploration of the road to socialist construction

1. Background:

①The civil war ends and enters a period of peace.

②The primary task of the Soviet regime is to restore the economy.

③Peasants are strongly dissatisfied with the policy of "war communism".

Communism = Soviet power + nationwide electrification

Advanced state organizational form and developed social productive forces

It shows that the wartime communist policy is no longer suitable for peacetime and cannot continue to be implemented.

2. Measures: The New Economic Policy was implemented in 1921

3. Content: Allow multiple economies to coexist, vigorously develop the commodity economy, and promote the recovery and development of the national economy.

2. The establishment of the Soviet Union

1. Time: end of 1922

2. Full name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

3. Initial joining countries: Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus.

Please note the difference: Russian names from three different periods:

Tsarist Russia (1547-1917)

Soviet Russia (1917-1922)

Soviet Union (1922-1991)

3. Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union (Stalin Period)

1. Socialist industrialization

① Features: Implement the five-year plan; focus on the development of heavy industry.

②Process: From 1928 to 1937, two five-year plans were completed.

③Achievements: The Soviet Union transformed from a traditional agricultural country into a powerful industrial country, and its national defense strength was greatly enhanced.

After the completion of the two five-year plans, the Soviet Union transformed from an agricultural country into an industrial country and formed a relatively complete industrial system. In 1940, the total industrial output value exceeded that of Germany, Britain and France, ranking first in Europe and second in the world.

However, the Soviet Union's per capita GNP still lags behind that of major European and American capitalist countries.

2. Agricultural collectivization

①Background: Industrialization is progressing rapidly

②Purpose: In order to meet the needs of industrialization

③Measures: Abandon the New Economic Policy, force farmers to join collective farms, and crack down on rich farmers.

④Completion: In 1937, agricultural collectivization was completed

In the process of exploring and building socialism, what lessons (enlightenment) should China draw from the shortcomings of the Soviet Union's "Stalin model"?

① If a country wants to develop, economic construction should be its centerpiece;

②We must abide by objective economic laws;

③ formulate policies based on the national conditions of the country;

④Coordinated development of heavy industry, light industry and agriculture is required;

⑤ We must effectively protect the interests of farmers and reform the economic management system;

⑥ Improve economic benefits and reduce resource consumption.

Summarize

What were the characteristics of the Soviet socialist construction in the 1920s and 1930s?

The socialist construction in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was generally characterized by twists and turns. There have been two major turning points. The first time occurred during the Lenin period, when the policy of war communism was transformed into the New Economic Policy; the second time occurred during the Stalin period, when the New Economic Policy was abandoned and industrialization and agricultural collectivization were implemented. The results and impacts of the two transitions are different.

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