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"Exploration - Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs" Electric Power and Electric Power PPT Courseware 3
Project main content
How to measure the electric power of a small light bulb
In the experiment of "measuring the electric power of a small light bulb", use _______ to measure the voltage across both ends of the small light bulb, and use _______ to measure the current through the small light bulb. Based on _______, the electric power of the small light bulb can be calculated. This method is called _______
Experimental principle
Use _______ to measure the voltage U across the small bulb, use _______ to measure the current I through the small bulb, and calculate the electric power of the small bulb according to the formula _______
Equipment selection
In order to measure the electric power of a small light bulb, in addition to _______, _______, power supply, switch and wires, the equipment required is also a _______ to change the voltage at both ends of the small light bulb, thereby measuring the actual power of the small light bulb under different voltages.
Common circuit faults in experiments measuring the electrical power of small light bulbs
Fault (1): After closing the switch, the bulb glows, but the filament is fused instantly, the circuit does not work, the ammeter shows zero, and the voltmeter shows a large value.
Reason: The resistance of the rheostat connected to the circuit is too small, the voltage at both ends of the bulb is greater than the rated voltage, and the larger current will fuse the filament. The solution is to increase the resistance of the sliding rheostat connected to the circuit and replace the burned out bulb.
Fault (2): When the switch is closed, the pointers of the two electric meters swing left and right, and the light bulb flickers on and off.
Reason: Poor line contact. Troubleshooting method: Check the joints one by one, especially check whether the nuts under the terminals are loose. If they are loose, please tighten them.
Fault (3): When the switch is closed and the slider P on the sliding rheostat is moved, the brightness of the bulb remains unchanged and very dim, and the indications of the two electric meters remain unchanged.
Reason: The sliding rheostat is wired incorrectly. Both ends of the wiring are connected to the two terminals below the sliding rheostat. The sliding rheostat only plays the role of a fixed value resistor (maximum resistance) in the circuit. Troubleshooting method: Connect the upper and lower binding posts to the circuit.
Fault (4): When the switch is closed, although the bulb can work normally, the pointer of the ammeter or voltmeter deflects in the opposite direction.
Reason: Wrong wiring of ammeter or voltmeter. Troubleshooting method: Just swap the wiring of the two terminals of the electric meter.
Fault (5): When the switch is closed, although the light bulb can work normally, the pointer of the ammeter or voltmeter deflects too much (beyond the range of the meter) or too small.
Reason: The range of the electric meter is improperly selected. Troubleshooting method: Change to a suitable range.
Fault (6): When the switch is closed, the bulb does not light up, the ammeter shows zero, but the pointer of the voltmeter deflects greatly.
Reason: There are two possible reasons for this fault. One is that the filament is broken; the other is that the ammeter or voltmeter is connected in the wrong position. A voltmeter with a particularly large internal resistance is connected in series in the circuit, and the current through the circuit tends to zero. , while the indication of the voltmeter is close to the power supply voltage. Troubleshooting method: Replace the light bulb; reverse the positions of the two electric meters.
[Example] When Xiao Ming did the experiment of "determining the electric power of a small light bulb", the physical circuit connected was as shown in Figure A. The power supply voltage was 3 V and the rated voltage of the small light bulb was 2.5 V.
(1) Use pen-drawn lines instead of wires to completely connect the physical circuit.
(2) When the last wire of the circuit is touched, the light bulb immediately lights up and is very bright. Then there are irregularities or improper connections in the circuit:
①___________;②___________.
(3) During the experiment, when the voltage indication is 2.5 V, the small bulb glows normally. As can be seen from Figure B, the ammeter indicates ________A at this time, and the rated power of the small bulb is ________W.
(4) Xiao Ming was inspired by this experiment and wanted to measure the rated power of the LED (light emitting diode) used for lighting on the electric bicycle. With the help of the teacher, the current-voltage image of the LED was obtained through experiments, as shown in Figure C. After consulting the data, it was known that the rated voltage of the LED was 3 V. Combining the image, the rated power of the LED was _________W. Xiao Ming further discovered that when operating at rated voltage, the LED was brighter than the small bulb. Please explain this phenomenon______.
Analysis: (1) A small light bulb and an ammeter are connected in series to the circuit, and the voltmeter is connected in parallel at both ends of the light bulb; (2) When the last wire of the circuit is touched, the light bulb emits light immediately and very brightly. This is because there is no voltmeter when connecting the circuit. Turn off the switch, and the resistance value of the sliding rheostat connected to the circuit is not the maximum resistance value of the sliding rheostat; (3) As can be seen from Figure B, the ammeter range is 0.6 A, the minimum division value is 0.02 A, and the current indication number is 0.3 A. The rated power of the light bulb PL=ULIL=2.5 V×0.3 A=0.75 W; (4) From the I-U image, it can be seen that the voltage U=3 V corresponds to the current I=24 mA=0.024 A, and the rated power of the LED P=UI=3 V×0.024 mA=0.072 W; When LED is working, the efficiency of converting electrical energy into light energy is much greater than that of small light bulbs. Therefore, when working at rated voltage, LED is brighter than small light bulbs.
1. As shown in the figure is a circuit diagram for measuring the electrical power of a small light bulb. The correct one is ()
2. The experimental principle of "measuring electrical power with a voltmeter and ammeter" is ()
A.R=U/I B.P=W/T
C.P=UI D.P=I²R
3. When measuring the rated power of a small light bulb, the main physical quantity that should be measured is ()
A. Rated voltage and resistance of the bulb
B. Rated current and resistance of the bulb
C. Actual voltage and current of the bulb
D. Rated voltage and rated current of the light bulb
4. A student used the circuit as shown in the figure to measure the rated power of a small light bulb with a rated voltage of 2.5 V. Which of the following statements is incorrect ()
A. Before closing the switch, slide P should slide to end B
B. After closing the switch, if the small bulb does not light up, the filament of the small bulb must be broken.
C. When the voltage value is 2.5 V, measure the current through the small bulb and calculate the rated power of the small bulb.
D. The experiment also shows that the greater the actual power of the small bulb, the brighter the small bulb will be.
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"Exploration - Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs" Electric Power and Electric Power PPT Courseware 2:
"Exploring the Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs" Electric Power and Electric Power PPT Courseware 2 Determining the Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs Experimental Purpose: Determining the Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs Experimental Principle: P=UI Experimental Method: Voltammetry Experimental Equipment: Power Supply Ammeter Voltmeter Sliding Rheostat Small Light Bulb Small lights..
"Exploration - Electric Power of Small Light Bulbs" Electric Power and Electric Power PPT Courseware:
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