"Experiment: Exploring the Characteristics of Flat Throwing Motion" Projectile Motion PPT Courseware

Description

"Experiment: Exploring the Characteristics of Flat Throwing Motion" Projectile Motion PPT Courseware

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

【Purpose】

1. Use experimental methods to trace the trajectory of the flat throwing motion.

2. Determine whether the trajectory of the flat throw motion is a parabola.

3. Find the initial velocity according to the trajectory of the flat throwing motion.

【Purpose】

Chute, _______________, white paper, small balls, thumbtacks, pencils, card with holes, scale, heavy vertical line

【experiment equipment】

1. The basic idea of ​​the experiment——___________.

2. Experimental principle:

(1) Use the card position method to trace points and draw the trajectory of the ball's horizontal throwing motion.

(2) Establish a coordinate system and measure the coordinates x and y of a certain point on the trajectory,

According to x=___, y=______, the initial velocity v0=______.

Experimental exploration of the characteristics of flat throwing motion PPT, the second part of the content: key abilities and literacy formation

【experiment procedure】

1. Experimental steps

1. Install experimental equipment:

(1) Place the flat throwing motion experimenter with a chute on the table, install the flat throwing track, and adjust the tangent level at the end of the chute; then adjust the leveling screw, observe the vertical line or bubble level, and make the panel at In the vertical plane, clamp the positioning plate and install it as shown in the figure.

(2) Line the tracing recording paper with a piece of copy paper or typing wax paper, and fix it on the panel with a pressing board close to the recording panel.

2. Establish a coordinate system: Place the ball at the notch, use a pencil to record the projection point O of the tracing recording paper where the center of the ball is at the notch (end of the chute), point O is the origin of the coordinates, use The vertical line drawn through the origin of the coordinates is used as the y-axis, and the straight line drawn horizontally to the right through the origin of the coordinates is used as the x-axis.

3. Determine the position of the ball:

(1) Pull the catching baffle to the top position.

(2) Fix the positioning plate at a certain position. The ball is released from a standstill close to the positioning plate. The ball moves downward along the track and is thrown horizontally from the straight part of the track at a certain initial speed.

(3) The falling ball hits the catching baffle tilted toward the recording panel and leaves an imprint on the recording panel.

(4) Pull the catching baffle down one space, repeat the above operation method, and create the second imprint point. Continue to pull the catching baffle down until it reaches the lowest point, and you can get the shape of the ball when it is thrown flatly. Series of blot points.

4. Trace the points to get the trajectory: Take off the tracing recording paper and connect a series of points recorded on the tracing recording paper with a smooth curve to get the trajectory of the ball's flat tossing motion.

【Think·Discussion】

In addition to the above method of obtaining the trajectory of a flat tossing motion of a small ball, how else can one obtain the trajectory of a flat tossing motion? (Scientific Inquiry)

Tip: Use stroboscopic photography and water spray to capture the trajectory of the flat toss.

2. Data processing

1. Determine whether the trajectory of flat throwing motion is a parabola:

Draw several equidistant points A1, A2, A3 on the y).

(1) Algebraic calculation method: Substitute the coordinates (x, y) of a certain point (such as point M3) into y=ax2 to find the constant a, and then substitute the coordinates of other points into this relationship to see whether the equation is true. If so If the formula is approximately true for the coordinates of each point, it means that the curve drawn is a parabola.

(2) Image method: Establish a y-x2 coordinate system, calculate the corresponding x2 value based on the x-coordinate value of each measured point, draw points in the coordinate system, connect the points to see if they are on a straight line, and if they are roughly on a straight line On a straight line, it means that the trajectory of the flat throw motion is a parabola.

2. Calculate the initial velocity: Select six points evenly distributed on the trajectory of the ball - A, B, C, D, E, F, and use a scale and a triangle plate to measure their coordinates (x, y) , and record it in the table below. With the g value known, use the formulas y = gt2 and x = v0t to find the initial velocity v0 of the ball when it is thrown horizontally, and finally calculate the average value of v0.

【Precautions】

1. Installation of the chute: During the experiment, the tangent line at the end of the chute must be adjusted horizontally. Place the ball on the horizontal part of the end of the chute. If there is no obvious tendency to move, the tangent line at the end of the chute will be level.

2. Fixing the square wooden board: The square wooden board must be in a vertical plane. When fixing, use a heavy vertical line to check whether the vertical line of the coordinate paper is vertical.

3.Ball release:

(1) The ball must roll down from the same position on the chute every time.

(2) The height of the position where the ball starts to roll down should be moderate, so that the trajectory of the ball's flat motion is from the upper left corner of the graph paper to the lower right corner.

4. Coordinate origin: The coordinate origin is not the end point of the notch, but the projection point of the ball center on the wooden board when the ball comes out of the notch.

5. Calculation of initial velocity: Select some points on the trajectory that are far away from the coordinate origin point O to calculate the initial velocity.

Experimental exploration of the characteristics of flat throwing motion PPT, the third part of the content: Experimental analysis·Literacy transfer

Type 1 Experimental principles and operations

[Typical Example 1] Use the device shown in Figure 1 to study the flat throwing motion. Align and overlap the white paper and carbon paper and fix them on a vertical hard board. The steel ball slides down the chute track PQ and then flies out from point Q and lands on the horizontal baffle MN. Since the side of the baffle close to the hard plate is lower, when the steel ball falls on the baffle, the side of the steel ball will squeeze out a trace point on the white paper. Move the baffle and release the steel ball again. Repeat this and a series of trace points will be left on the white paper.

(1) The following experimental conditions must be met: ____________.

A. The chute track is smooth

B. The end section of the chute track is level

C. Baffle height changes at equal intervals

D. Release the steel ball from the same position on the chute without initial velocity every time

(2) For quantitative research, establish a coordinate system with the horizontal direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction as the y-axis.

a. Take the starting point of the flat throwing motion as the origin of the coordinates, place the steel ball still at point Q, and the ____________ of the steel ball (optional "top end", "bottom end" or "ball center") corresponds to the position on the white paper That is the origin; when determining the y-axis ____________ (optional "required" or "unnecessary") the y-axis is parallel to the vertical line.

b. If you miss to record the starting point of the flat throwing trajectory, you can also process the data as follows: As shown in Figure 2, take three points A, B, and C on the trajectory. The horizontal distances of AB and BC are equal and both are x. , the measured vertical distances between AB and BC are y1 and y2 respectively, then ________ (optional "greater than", "equal to" or "less than"). The initial velocity v0 of the flat thrown steel ball can be found to be ____________ (the local gravity acceleration is known to be g, and the result is represented by the above letters).

(3) In order to obtain the motion trajectory of the flat projectile, the students also proposed the following three solutions, of which the feasible one is ____________.

A. Spray a stable thin water column horizontally from the thin tube, take a photo, and you can get the horizontal throwing motion trajectory.

B. Use stroboscopic photography to record the positions of the flat-throwing steel ball at different times on the same film, and smoothly connect the positions to obtain the flat-throwing motion trajectory.

C. Place the pencil perpendicularly to the vertical white cardboard, with the pen tip close to the white cardboard. Throw the pencil horizontally at a certain initial speed, which will leave a flat trajectory of the pen tip on the white paper.

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

This template belongs to Physics courseware People's Education Press High School Physics Compulsory Course II industry PPT template

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