"Experiment: Explore the relationship between acceleration, force and mass" PPT courseware on the relationship between motion and force

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"Experiment: Explore the relationship between acceleration, force and mass" PPT courseware on the relationship between motion and force

Part One: Clarify the Principles

1. Experimental purpose

1. Learn to use the controlled variable method to explore physical laws.

2. Explore the relationship between acceleration, force, and mass.

3. Master the methods of using image processing data.

2. Experimental ideas

Using the controlled variable method, when exploring the relationship between acceleration, force, and mass, first keep one of the quantities constant to explore the relationship between the other two quantities.

3. Experimental equipment

Dotting timer, paper tape, copy paper, trolley, long wooden board with a fixed pulley at one end, small plate, weights, clamps, string, AC power supply, wires, scale (with a set of weights), scale.

4. Experimental steps

1. Measuring mass: Use a balance to measure the mass m0 of the small plate and the mass M0 of the trolley.

2. Install equipment: Install the experimental equipment as shown in the picture (no ropes are tied to the trolley).

3. Balance friction: Place a thin wooden board under the end of the board without a pulley, and repeatedly move its position so that the car can move in a straight line at a uniform speed along the board without hanging the small plate and weight (the adjacent points on the paper tape The distance is equal).

4. Measure a, F

(1) Park the car at the dotting timer, hang up the small plate and weights, turn on the power first, and then let the car drag the paper tape down the wooden board at a uniform speed, and punch out a paper tape, which records the time of the car. Movement conditions, remove the paper tape and mark the number on the paper tape and the total gravity m1g of the small plate and weight hung at this time.

(2) Keep the mass of the trolley unchanged, change the mass of the weight in the small plate, repeat step (1), do a few more experiments, and record the number of the corresponding paper tape and the total gravity of the small plate and weight. m2g, m3g,…

5. Measure a, M

(1) Keep the net external force on the car unchanged, add weights to the car, turn on the power and let go of the car, record the movement of the car with paper tape; remove the paper tape and mark the number on the paper tape And the total mass of the trolley and weight M1.

(2) Continue to add weights to the trolley, repeat step (1), and do several more experiments. Mark the number and the total mass of the trolley and weights M2, M3,... on the paper tape obtained from each experiment.

6. Use the formula Δx=aT2 or a=ΔxT2 to find the acceleration a of the car, and fill in the obtained data into the corresponding table for data verification.

Experimental exploration of the relationship between acceleration and force mass PPT, part 2: interpretation of typical examples

Experimental principles and experimental operations

When exploring the relationship between acceleration and the combined external force and mass of an object, the experimental device as shown in the figure is used. The total mass of the car and the weights in the car is represented by M, and the total mass of the plate and the weights in the plate is represented by m means that the acceleration of the car can be calculated from the points marked by the dot timer on the paper tape dragged behind the car.

(1) When the relationship between M and m satisfies ________, it can be considered that the pulling force of the thin wire on the trolley is equal to the gravity of the plate and the weight in the plate.

(2) A group of students explored the relationship between acceleration and the mass of the trolley while keeping the mass of the plate and the weights in the plate constant. The following is correct ()

A． When balancing friction, the disk and the weights in the disk should be tied to the trolley with a thin wire around the fixed pulley.

B． No need to rebalance friction every time you change the mass of the cart

C. During the experiment, first let go of the car, and then turn on the power of the dotting timer.

D. Use a balance to measure m and M, and then directly use the formula a = mgM to find the acceleration of the car's motion.

Make use of the topic

Physical methods and precautions used in this experiment

Experimental method Control variable method

Experimental conditions ①Balance friction; ②m≪M

Data processing method Image method - turning curves into straight lines

How to use the dot timer: press and hold one at a time. Turn on the power first, then release the car. Press and hold the car before it reaches the pulley.

Data processing and error analysis

A classmate designed an experiment to explore the relationship between acceleration a and the resultant force F and mass m of an object. Figure A is a simplified diagram of the experimental device (the frequency of the alternating current is 50 Hz).

(1) Figure B shows a paper tape obtained from an experiment. According to the paper tape, the acceleration of the car can be calculated as ________m/s2 (retain two significant figures for the result).

(2) Keep the total mass of the sand and sand bucket unchanged, change the mass m of the trolley, and obtain the acceleration a and mass m of the trolley and the corresponding 1m data, as shown in the table:

Experimental improvement and innovation

(2019•Wancheng Monthly Examination) An experimental group used the device shown in Figure 1 to explore the relationship between acceleration and force when the mass is constant. Use an iron stand to set up two wooden boards with fixed pulleys fixed on them. Two dotting timers are fixed on the right end of the wooden board. Place two trolleys A and B of equal mass on the right end of the wooden board. Use a thin wire to go around the pulley group and connect the two trolleys. The cars are connected. The two paper tapes pass through the dotting timer and are connected to the car respectively. Connect the two dot timers to the same power supply, making sure they can be turned on or off at the same time. During the experiment, student A held down the two trolleys, and student B first hung a hook code under the moving pulley, and then turned on the power to start the dotting timer. After the management is stable, A releases the two cars at the same time. Before the car hits the fixed pulley, B cuts off the power supply, and the two dot timers stop working at the same time. He takes off the two paper tapes, and by analyzing and processing the information recorded on the paper tapes, he can find the acceleration of the two cars, and then complete the experiment. Please answer the following questions:

(1) Figure 2 shows the paper tape behind car A. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on the paper tape are the counting points selected for every 4 printing points. The distance between two adjacent counting points As marked in Figure 2, the unit is cm. The frequency of the power supply used by the dotting timer is 50 Hz, then the acceleration a1 of car A = ______ m/s2 (the result retains two significant figures), and the acceleration a2 of car B is also measured, If a1:a2 is approximately equal to _______, it can be explained that when the mass is constant, the acceleration of the object is proportional to the force.

(2) Student C suggested that it is not necessary to measure the acceleration values ​​of the two cars, but only to measure the distances x1 and x2 between the first printing point and the last printing point on the two paper strips, and the experimental investigation can be completed. If x1:x2 is approximately equal to ________. It can also be explained that when the mass is constant, the acceleration of the object is proportional to the force. The reason is _____________.

Summary and improvement

This question examines experimental data processing and experimental error analysis. For experimental questions, it is necessary to clarify the experimental principles, which is the premise and key to solving the problems.

Keywords: PPT courseware for high school physics compulsory course 1 from the People's Education Press is free to download, experimental exploration of the relationship between acceleration and force and mass PPT download, relationship between motion and force PPT download, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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