"Ethylene and Organic Polymer Materials" Organic Compounds PPT (Lesson 1 Ethylene)

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"Ethylene and Organic Polymer Materials" Organic Compounds PPT (Lesson 1 Ethylene)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Composition, structure and physical properties of ethylene

1. Expression method of ethylene composition

2. Spatial structure

3.Physical properties

_____, a slightly odorous gas, ___soluble in water, and ___ denser than air.

2. Chemical properties of ethylene

1. Oxidation reaction of ethylene

[Micro tip] Potassium permanganate ultimately oxidizes ethylene to CO2, so acidic potassium permanganate solution cannot be used when removing ethylene from alkanes.

【Situation·Thinking】

Ethylene can be used as a ripening agent for fruits, which can make raw fruits mature as quickly as possible. However, using diatomaceous earth soaked in acidic potassium permanganate solution and placing it with fruits or flowers can extend the maturity period of fruits or flowers and achieve the purpose of preservation. Purpose. Please explain the mystery.

Tip: Fruits or flowers will release ethylene, which has the effect of accelerating ripening. Acidic potassium permanganate solution can oxidize ethylene into carbon dioxide gas, slowing down the ripening of fruits or flowers to achieve the purpose of preservation.

2.Addition reaction

(1) Ethylene makes bromine's carbon tetrachloride solution (or bromine water) _____, and the chemical equation of the reaction is ____________________.

(2) The chemical equation of the addition of ethylene and H2 is ____________________.

(3) The chemical equation of the addition of ethylene and H2O is _______________________________.

(4) Addition reaction concept: a reaction in which unsaturated carbon atoms in organic molecules are directly combined with other _____________ to form new compounds.

【Situation·Thinking】

Observe the following cartoon and think: Do ethylene and sulfur dioxide cause the discoloration of bromine water by the same principle?

Hint: Different. SO2 makes bromine water fade because SO2 reduces bromine element to form colorless HBr. Ethylene makes bromine water fade because ethylene reacts with bromine element to form colorless dibromoethane.

3.Polymerization reaction

(1) Polyethylene can be obtained by adding ethylene to each other. The chemical equation is ____________________.

(2) Understand addition polymerization reaction

① The reaction in which compound molecules with small relative molecular mass combine to form polymers with large relative molecular mass is called polymerization reaction. The polymerization reaction of ethylene is also _________, which is called addition polymerization reaction, or addition polymerization reaction for short.

②The small molecule substances that can synthesize polymers are called monomers; the smallest unit with the same and repeatable chemical composition in a polymer compound is called _____; the number of chain links is called _______, usually represented by n. For example:

【Smart Judgment】

(1) Oxygen consumption is equal when burning equal masses of ethylene or polyethylene. ()

Tips:√. The simplest formulas of ethylene and polyethylene are the same. The oxygen consumption of burning equal masses of ethylene or polyethylene is equal.

(2) Ethane is mixed with ethylene, which can be converted into ethane by reacting with H2 under certain conditions. ()

Tip:×. The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen cannot proceed to the end, and the amount of hydrogen cannot be controlled. Without hydrogen, ethylene cannot be removed, and excess hydrogen introduces new impurities.

Ethylene and organic polymer materials PPT, part 2: key capabilities and literacy formation

Knowledge points: Explore the principles of ethylene chemical reactions

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Research on the principle of ethylene oxidation reaction

(1) Combustion reaction: C2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O, all carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds in ethylene are destroyed.

(2) Reaction of ethylene and acidic potassium permanganate solution

① When ethylene reacts with acidic potassium permanganate, the carbon-carbon double bond is destroyed, ethylene is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and the potassium permanganate solution is reduced to colorless Mn2+.

②Application: Potassium permanganate solution can be used to identify ethane and ethylene, but it cannot be used to remove ethylene from ethane.

2. Principle analysis of ethylene addition reaction and addition polymerization reaction

(1) Schematic diagram of ethylene addition reaction (taking the addition of ethylene and bromine as an example)

(2) Schematic diagram of ethylene addition polymerization reaction

CH2＝CH2+CH2＝CH2+CH2＝CH2+……

—CH2—CH2—+—CH2—CH2—+—CH2—CH2—+… —CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—…

(3)Addition reaction of ethylene and common substances

【Think·Discussion】

(1) Why does methane burn without black smoke, while ethylene burns with thicker black smoke?

Tip: CH2 = CH2 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O. The thicker black smoke when ethylene is burned is because the carbon content (85.7%) in the ethylene molecule is relatively large, which is not completely burned and produces small carbon particles.

(2) Can acidic KMnO4 solution be used to remove ethylene from methane? Why?

Tip: Acidic KMnO4 solution cannot be used because acidic KMnO4 will eventually oxidize ethylene to CO2 and introduce new impurity CO2.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] From the structure and properties of ethylene, it is correct to infer the structure or properties of propylene (CH2=CH—CH3): ()

A.Do not discolor acidic potassium permanganate solution

B. Cannot burn in air

C. Can discolor bromine’s carbon tetrachloride solution

D. Can add to HCl under certain conditions and only obtain one product.

[Problem-solving guide] To answer this question, you need to pay attention to the following two points:

(1) Mastering the properties of ethylene is the basis of knowledge for answering this question.

(2) The structure determines the properties. Analyze the structural similarity between propylene and ethylene to infer the properties of propylene.

[Analysis] Choose C. Propylene and ethylene both contain carbon-carbon double bond structures and have similar properties. Propylene can also discolor acidic potassium permanganate solution, A is wrong; Propylene and ethylene have the same elemental composition and can burn in the air, B is wrong; Propylene can also undergo an addition reaction with bromine's carbon tetrachloride solution. Make it fade, C is correct; the addition of ethylene to HCl only produces one product, ethyl chloride, but the addition of CH2 = CH—CH3 and HCl, since there are two situations where the chlorine atom is connected, the addition product should also be Two kinds, namely: Cl-CH2-CH2-CH3 and CH3-CHCl-CH3, they are isomers of each other, not the same substance, D is wrong.

【Migration·Application】

1. (2019·Taian High School 1st Test) Complete addition reaction of 1 mol of ethylene and chlorine, and then complete substitution reaction of the product of the addition reaction with chlorine under light conditions, then the total consumption of chlorine in the two processes The amount of substance is ()

A.3 mol B.4 mol C.5 mol D.6 mol

2. (2019·Fuzhou First Grade Test) The following is an experiment in which paraffin oil produces ethylene under the action of hot broken porcelain pieces and tests its properties. Complete the following questions.

(1)The function of the broken porcelain pieces in A is_______________.

(2)The electronic formula of ethylene is_______________.

(3) Among the following substances, the one that can be obtained through the addition reaction of ethylene is ________ (fill in the letter code).

A.CH3CH3 B.CH3CHCl2

C.CH3CH2OH D.CH3CH2Br

(4) When transporting fruits, in order to absorb the ethylene produced by the fruits and prevent the fruits from premature ripening and rot, diatomaceous earth soaked in ________ solution is often placed in the container holding the fruits.

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For more information about the "Organic Compound Ethylene and Organic Polymer Material Ethylene" PPT courseware, please click the Organic Compound ppt Ethylene and Organic Polymer Material ppt Ethylene ppt tab.

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