"Ethanol and Acetic Acid" Organic Compounds PPT (Lesson 1 Ethanol)

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"Ethanol and Acetic Acid" Organic Compounds PPT (Lesson 1 Ethanol)

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Physical properties, composition and structure of ethanol

1. Physical properties of ethanol

2. The composition and structure of ethanol

【Smart Judgment】

(1) The simplified structural formula of ethanol is C2H5OH, which shows that there are two kinds of hydrogen atoms in the ethanol molecule. ()

Tip:×. There are three types of hydrogen atoms in the ethanol molecule, including two types of hydrogen atoms on the hydrocarbon group and one type on the hydroxyl group.

(2) There is OH- in the molecular structure of ethanol. ()

Tip:×. There is no OH- in the structure of ethanol but a hydroxyl group (—OH).

(3) The electronic formula of hydroxyl group is H. ()

Tip:×. The electronic formula of hydroxyl is H.

【Situation·Thinking】

As the saying goes, "The aroma of wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley", which means that if the wine is well brewed, even in deep alleys, people will smell the aroma and know the taste and come to taste it.

What physical properties of ethanol are reflected in this?

Tip: As the saying goes, ethanol is a volatile, scented liquid.

2. Hydrocarbon derivatives and functional groups

1. Derivatives of hydrocarbons

A series of compounds formed by replacing _______ in hydrocarbon molecules with other atoms or groups of atoms. Such as methyl chloride, 1,2-dibromoethane, ethanol, acetic acid, etc.

2.Functional group

(1)Definition: The atoms or groups of atoms that determine _____ of organic compounds.

(2)Example

【Smart Judgment】

(1) The functional group of ethylene is a carbon-carbon double bond, and the functional group of ethane is a carbon-carbon single bond. ()

Tip:×. There are no functional groups in ethane.

(2) The functional group of ethanol is OH-. ()

Tip:×. The functional groups are all electrically neutral groups, and the functional group of ethanol is hydroxyl (—OH), not OH-.

3. Chemical properties and uses of ethanol

1. Reaction of ethanol and Na

2. Oxidation reaction of ethanol

(1) Combustion

①Chemical equation:____________________.

②Phenomena: A light blue flame is produced and _________ is released.

(3) Reacts with strong oxidants

Reaction principle: CH3CH2OH _______.

【Smart Judgment】

(1) When ethanol reacts with metallic sodium, the O—H bond in the hydroxyl group in the ethanol molecule is broken. ()

Tips:√. The reaction between ethanol and metallic sodium produces sodium ethoxide, which is the breakage of the O—H bond in the hydroxyl group of the ethanol molecule.

(2) Check whether the ethanol contains water. You can add a small amount of anhydrous copper sulfate. If it turns blue, it contains water. ()

Tips:√. You can use anhydrous copper sulfate to test whether ethanol contains water. If it turns blue, it means there is water in the ethanol.

(3) Methane, ethylene, benzene, and ethanol are all colorless organic compounds that are insoluble in water. ()

Tip:×. Methane, ethylene, and benzene are insoluble in water, but ethanol is miscible with water in any proportion.

【Situation·Thinking】

As a traditional jewelry in my country, silver jewelry has always been widely loved by people. When welding silverware or copperware, a black oxide film will be formed on the surface. The silversmith said that you can heat the copper and silver on the fire first, and then dip them in alcohol immediately, and the copper and silver will be as bright as before.

3.Use of ethanol

(1) Used as fuel for alcohol lamps, hot pots, internal combustion engines, etc.

(2) Used as chemical raw materials for the production of medicines, spices, cosmetics, coatings, etc.

(3) Ethanol solution with a volume fraction of ____ is commonly used as a disinfectant in medical treatment.

Ethanol and acetic acid PPT, Part 2 content: Key capabilities and literacy formation

Knowledge points: Understand the chemical properties of ethanol from the perspective of chemical bonds and functional groups

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. The structure of ethanol and the breaking of chemical bonds

2. Where and how ethanol reacts with sodium

[Note] (1) The reaction between ethanol and sodium is much gentler than the reaction between water and sodium, which shows that the hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl groups of the ethanol molecules are not as active as the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules.

(2) 1 mol of ethanol reacts with sufficient sodium to produce 0.5 mol H2. This relationship can be extended to 1 mol of hydroxyl (—OH) reacting with sufficient sodium to produce 0.5 mol H2.

3. The process of catalytic oxidation of ethanol

(1) Burn the copper wire bent into a spiral shape, and the surface of the copper wire will turn black.

2Cu+O2 2CuO

(2) Insert the burned copper wire into ethanol, and the surface of the copper wire will turn from black to red.

The total equation is 2C2H5OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O

(3) The rules of catalytic oxidation reaction of alcohol

Alcohols can catalytically oxidize to aldehydes in the presence of a catalyst (copper or silver), but not all alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes.

①All alcohols containing R—CH2OH (R represents a hydrocarbon group) structure can be oxidized into aldehydes under certain conditions;

2R—CH2OH+O2 2R—CHO+2H2O.

【Think·Discussion】

(1) Can all alcohols react with metallic sodium to release hydrogen?

Tip: All alcohols have hydroxyl groups, so they can react with sodium to release hydrogen gas.

(2) Based on the essence of catalytic oxidation of ethanol, speculate what the catalytic oxidation products of ______ are, and can ______ be catalytically oxidized?

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] The various chemical bonds in the ethanol molecule are shown in the figure. The incorrect statement about ethanol breaking bonds in various reactions is ()

A. Bond ① is broken when reacting with metallic sodium

B. Fracture ① and ③ when reacting with O2 under copper or silver catalytic co-heating

C. Fracture ① and ⑤ when reacting with O2 under copper or silver catalytic co-heating

D. Broken when completely burned in air①②③④⑤

[Problem-solving guide] The key to answering this question is to master the breaking of chemical bonds and reaction methods of ethanol in different reactions.

[Analysis] Choose C. When ethanol reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide, the O—H bond in the hydroxyl group is broken, A is correct; when ethanol is catalytically oxidized to form acetaldehyde, chemical bonds ① and ③ are broken, B is correct, C is wrong; when ethanol is completely burned, all chemical bonds ①②③④⑤ are broken, D is correct.

[Motif question] "Solid alcohol" is also called solidified alcohol. Because it is easy to use, transport and carry, it causes less pollution to the environment when burned, and is safer than liquid alcohol. As a solid fuel, it is widely used in the catering industry. , tourism and field operations, etc.

Thinking: (1) Is solid alcohol the solid form of alcohol?

Hint: No. Solid alcohol is also known as "alcohol block" or solid fuel block. Solid alcohol is not alcohol in a solid state (the melting point of alcohol is -117.3 ℃, and the pure substance is liquid at room temperature). Instead, industrial alcohol (main component is ethanol, CH3CH2OH) is added with a coagulant (CH3COO). )2Ca] turns it into a solid form.

(2) Put the copper hot pot on the flame of solid alcohol and burn it. It is found that the bottom of the pot does not turn black. Try to explain it based on relevant knowledge.

Tip: Copper will be oxidized into black copper oxide when heated in air, but copper oxide can be reduced by volatilized ethanol and react again to form copper. Therefore, the bottom of the copper pot does not necessarily turn black.

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Update Time: 2024-11-01

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