"End of Chapter Summary and Improvement" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT

"End of Chapter Summary and Improvement" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT

Key breakthroughs

Type 1 Classification of energy

1. Among "wind energy, electric energy, hydro energy, and coal", the secondary energy is "electric energy", and the non-renewable energy is "coal".

2. (Nanjing High School Entrance Examination) Among the following energy sources, which one is renewable energy (D)

A. Natural gas B. Coal C. Petroleum D. Wind energy

3. The utilization of various energy sources has greatly promoted the development of human civilization. Which of the following energy sources is secondary energy (C)

A. Natural gas B. Solar energy

C.Petroleum products D.Wind energy

Type 2 Nuclear energy

4. Nuclear energy, as a new energy, is gradually being developed and utilized by people. Nuclear power plants use nuclear energy to generate electricity, and their nuclear fuel is converted into electrical energy through nuclear fission (optional "fission" or "fusion") in the reactor. to the State Grid for use by thousands of households. The voltage of household lighting circuits in my country is 220V.

5. Which of the following statements about nuclear energy is correct (B)

A. The chain reaction that occurs in a nuclear reactor is uncontrollable

B. The nuclear waste produced by nuclear power plants is still radioactive and is usually buried deep in sparsely populated places.

C. Nuclear reactors can directly convert nuclear energy into electrical energy

D. my country has built a controllable nuclear fusion reactor

Type 3 Solar

6. As shown in the picture is a solar LED lighting street light. LED is a light-emitting diode. It is made of semiconductor materials and can directly convert electrical energy into light energy. Solar energy is renewable (optional "renewable" or " Non-renewable") energy, clean and non-polluting, is the huge energy released by the fusion (optional "fission" or "fusion") of hydrogen nuclei inside the sun.

7. Recently, a new type of solar public toilet has been installed in Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing. All the energy of this toilet is provided by the solar panels on the top. It can also store excess energy in the battery. The way this energy is converted and stored is (B)

A. Convert solar energy into internal energy and then into electrical energy

B. Convert solar energy into electrical energy and then into chemical energy

C. Convert solar energy into internal energy and then into chemical energy

D. Convert solar energy into electrical energy and then into light energy

8. The movie documentary "Awesome, My Country" introduces: "In the State Key Laboratory in Wuxi, young hands have just set a world record for the global crystalline silicon solar cell efficiency." Solar cells directly convert light energy into electrical energy. Which of the following statements is incorrect (A)

A. Solar energy can only be converted into electrical energy B. Solar energy is a renewable energy source

C. Silicon is an important material for making solar cells D. Solar cells provide us with a new source of electrical energy

9. Solar energy is clean and pollution-free and is a treasure house of human energy. The total mass of a solar car is 400 kg, with solar panels installed on the top, as shown in the figure. When sunlight hits the ground, the radiation power per unit area is 1.2×103 W/m2, and the effective area of ​​the solar panel on the car is 5 m2. Solar panels can convert solar energy into electrical energy. If the conversion efficiency of the solar panel is 40%, how much electrical power is converted to the car motor?

Solution: Solar panels convert electrical power to car electric motors

P=1.2×103 W/m2×5 m2×40%=2.4×103 W

10. In order to firmly establish and practice the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are valuable assets", a large number of energy-saving and environmentally friendly equipment such as water heaters and solar street lights that directly utilize solar energy are used in the construction of beautiful villages. Complete the following questions based on what you have learned.

(1) A team is now envisioning the development of new roof tiles with built-in solar panels to achieve better energy conservation. This kind of tile directly utilizes solar energy through photoelectric conversion (optional "photoelectric conversion", "photothermal conversion" or "photochemical conversion");

(2) Solar water heaters use vacuum hot water pipes to heat water. As shown in the figure, the area of ​​a solar water heater that receives solar energy is 3 m2. The average solar radiation energy obtained per square meter of area for 1 hour is 2.5×106 J. This water heater can only Convert 42% of the received solar energy into the internal energy of water. If the light is illuminated for 6 hours, the initial temperature in the water heater can be 15 ℃ and the temperature of water with a mass of 100 kg can be raised to how much -c water = 4.2×103 J /(kg·℃)]?

Type 4 Energy and Sustainable Development

11. On March 23, 2018, scientists successfully completed the first hot-dry rock drilling in Qiongbei, Hainan. Hot-dry rock is a renewable type of geothermal energy with the greatest development potential (optional "renewable" or "non-renewable" " )clean energy. In order to build a beautiful and ecological Hainan, Hainan Province encourages the use of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles convert electrical energy into mechanical energy during driving.

12. Compared with the world's energy structure, my country's current energy structure has shortcomings. The following measures are conducive to optimizing my country's energy structure (C)

A. Increase coal mining

B. Increase oil exploration

C. Increase the development and utilization of new energy

D. Strictly control the development of electric energy and water energy

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