"End of Chapter Review Lesson" Important elements in seawater—sodium and chlorine PPT

"End of Chapter Review Lesson" Important elements in seawater—sodium and chlorine PPT

Special topic summary and practice

Calculations centered on the amount of matter

1. The relationship between the amount of a substance and Avogadro's constant, gas molar volume, molar mass, and the amount concentration of the substance.

2. Calculation formula

(1)n=NNA; (2)n=mM; (3)n=VgVm; (4) cB=nBVaq.

3. Precautions

(1) Highlight the core of the quantity of matter, which is the bridge and link between other physical quantities. The general model is: calculate one physical quantity, calculate the quantity of matter, and calculate another physical quantity.

(2) Pay attention to the correspondence of units during the conversion process.

(3) When using the molar volume of gas, attention should be paid to external conditions. If it is not a standard condition, 22.4 L·mol-1 cannot be directly substituted into the calculation.

(4) Under different conditions, the state of the same substance may be different.

(5) When calculating the amount and concentration of a substance, the final destination in each case is the definition of the amount and concentration of the substance, c=n/V. Make full use of the calculation formula for the amount of the substance and use the amount of the substance as a bridge. effect.

Thematic sparring

1. Use NA to represent the value of Avogadro's constant. The following statement is correct ()

A. Under standard conditions, 11.2 L of water contains 0.5 NA water molecules.

B． In a MgCl2 solution with a substance concentration of 0.5 mol·L-1, the number of Mg2+ contained is 0.5NA

C. 1 mol of H2 and O2 contains NA molecules

D． The number of atoms contained in 11.2 L NH3 is 2NA

C: Water is not a gas under standard conditions, and the gas molar volume under standard conditions cannot be used. 22.4 L·mol-1, error A; the volume of the solution is not specified, and the number of solute particles cannot be calculated, error B; 1 mol of gas is equal Contains NA molecules, which has nothing to do with whether it is a mixed gas. C is correct; item D does not specify whether the condition of the gas is a standard condition, and the amount of gas substances cannot be calculated. D is wrong. ]

Methods for solving inorganic block diagram inference problems

Inorganic block diagram questions have a small number of words, and the questions and information provided are novel and concise, so it is particularly important to review the questions.

1. The problem-solving steps are generally divided into four steps

(1) Review-read the question carefully and check the meaning of the question clearly. Reading questions include reading and solution requirements. Solving requirements can often provide students with important inspirations, which cannot be ignored.

(2) Find the eye - Find the "eye of the problem", that is, find the breakthrough point to solve the problem, and then combine the information and learned knowledge, and use various thinking methods such as forward and reverse thinking, divergent and convergent thinking, horizontal and vertical thinking, etc., to synthesize Analysis, reasoning. "Looking for the eye" is the key to solving the problem.

(3) Answer - see the requirements clearly and answer them carefully. "Answer" is the starting point of problem solving.

(4) Test-see whether the reasoning is consistent with the meaning of the question. "Check" is the guarantee that the answer is correct.

Among the above steps, the most important thing is to find a breakthrough in solving the problem. Once you find the "eye of the problem", other problems will be easily solved. But don’t ignore the inspection process.

2. There are some ways to find the "question eye" as follows:

(1) Search from the composition and structure of matter. (2) Look for typical properties. (3) Find it from the reaction phenomenon. (4) Find it from the reaction type. (5) Find it from the reaction conditions.

3. Methods for solving inference questions include forward reasoning, backward reasoning, guessing and argumentation, migration, segmentation, enumeration, etc.

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