"Empty City Strategy" PPT courseware 10

"Empty City Strategy" PPT courseware 10

Stylistic knowledge

The concept of novel: It is a literary style that focuses on shaping characters and reflects social life through the narration of complete storylines and profound descriptions of the environment.

The three elements of a novel: characters, plot, and environment

Four stages of plot development: beginning, development, climax, ending

Classification of environment: natural environment, social environment

study method

1. untangle the storyline.

2. Grasp the character.

3. Learn how to portray characters.

About the Author

Luo Guanzhong was a novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. His name is Guanzhong, and his name is Huhai Sanren. A native of Taiyuan, Shanxi.

Luo Guanzhong was an outstanding classical novelist in my country during the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It was he who pushed the literary style of Zhanghui novels to a mature stage. Abroad, his "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is called "a masterpiece truly rich in people's character", while "Encyclopedia Britannica" calls him "the first well-known art master".

story background

Cao Pi, the lord of Wei, died recently, and Cao Rui, 15, came to the throne. Zhuge Liang wanted to take this opportunity to attack Wei. Ma Di, who joined the army, proposed a counter-insurgency plan and ordered Cao Rui to demote Sima Yi and return to his hometown. Zhuge Liang was overjoyed when he heard the news and immediately led an army of 300,000 to attack Wei, killing generals and seizing territory along the way. The situation was unstoppable. Cao Rui, the leader of Wei, was shocked when he heard this and had to re-appoint Sima Yi. At this time, Wei general Meng Da wanted to rebel, so he sent a secret report to Kong Ming, hoping to cooperate with the inside and outside. However, the news was accidentally leaked and he was killed by Sima Yi's subordinates.

Sima Yi guessed Zhuge Liang's strategic intention. Instead of confronting the Shu army head-on, he went to cut off the Shu army's food routes and seize Jieting and Liucheng. Zhuge Liang misused Ma Su and lost Jieting and Liucheng. The situation took a turn for the worse and he became very passive. He also lost his internal response and had no chance of winning. He hurriedly prepared to retreat to Hanzhong. Sima Yi captured the street pavilion and led an army of 150,000 to seize the west city. At this time, Zhuge Liang led 2,500 troops to the west city, and the situation was extremely critical.

Read the text aloud to clarify the meaning of the text

Require:

(1) Draw the new words and look up the pinyin in the dictionary.

(2) Annotate difficult words with annotations to clarify the main idea of ​​the text.

Detect words

Sima Yi Cheng Pu Crane Cloak

Lun towel has a pleasant smile.

Touch the palm to escape and finish the words

Swarming: crowded like a swarm of bees.

Could it be: Could it be, probably.

Go: run, meaning to escape.

Escape: escape.

How could he not be captured by Sima Yi: How could he not be captured by Sima Yi?

End of speech: Finished.

Step 1: Retell the story.

Step two: clarify the plot.

Beginning: The troops approach the city (paragraph 1)

Development: Kong Ming’s plan (paragraph 2)

Climax: Sima fell into the trap (paragraphs 3 and 4)

Ending: Kong Ming explains his plan (paragraphs 5 and 6)

Self-learning

1. Think about the circumstances under which Kong Ming set up the "empty city strategy"? Draw key sentences from the text for analysis.

2. Kong Ming’s “empty city plan”, where is the “empty”?

3. Why did Sima Yi fall into the trap?

4. Why do you think Zhuge Liang’s empty city plan was successful?

Analysis of the Background of the Empty City Plan

(1) There is a huge disparity in military strength. Sima Yi had an army of 150,000, while Zhuge Liang only had 2,500;

(2) The contrast between generals is huge. Zhuge Liang "had no generals around him, only a group of civilian officials." Sima Yi had Sima Zhao and other generals;

(3) The situation is critical. "When all the officials heard the news, they all lost their countenance." Faced with the danger, the officials were helpless and their expressions changed with fright.

Analysis on the method of empty city strategy

(1) "Empty" means having no soldiers. Kong Ming ordered the battle flags to be hidden and the soldiers hidden so that the enemy could not see the soldiers.

(2) "Empty" is in the city. "Open four gates, and use twenty sergeants at each gate to pretend to be ordinary people and sweep the streets." At first glance, it looks like an empty city.

(3) "Empty" means no one speaks. "Anyone who acts recklessly or speaks loudly will be killed!" No one could be heard talking in the city, and the blank words were highlighted.

(4) "Empty" means idle. Kong Ming only took two children with him, "sitting on the railing, burning incense and playing the piano" on the tower, which made people feel free.

Analyze the reasons for design success

Sima Yi is by no means an idle person. He is the "famous general of Wei" and is a cunning and cunning man. But why did he fall into the trap? What are the reasons?

(1) Sima Yi is cautious and suspicious. "Liang was cautious all his life and never took any risks. If we open the city gates now, there will be an ambush. If our troops advance, they will fall into his trap." Sima Yi did not believe that he was seeing an empty city in front of him because he thought he knew Zhuge Liang's tactics of using troops. , so he fell into the trap.

(2) Willful and self-willed. Did not listen to Sima Zhao's opinion. Previously, he had successfully seen through Zhuge Liang's strategic intentions, and lamented that Zhuge Liang was unwilling to take risks and did not take Chang'an via the Ziwu Valley Trail, but chose a safer route, thus losing the chance to win. Because of this, Sima Yi arrogantly believed that this was not an empty city.

Character Analysis

In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Cao Cao is called "treacherous", Guan Yu is called "righteous", and Zhuge Liang is called "wisdom." So where is Zhuge Liang's "wisdom" reflected in "The Empty City Strategy"?

Zhuge Liang's "wisdom" is reflected in:

(1) Resourceful.

(2) Don’t be surprised in any situation.

(3) Magical calculation.

(4) Don’t be afraid in the face of danger.

The best reflection of Zhuge Liang's "wisdom" in the article is his three "laughs". Please draw the words about the three times of laughter in the article, and analyze Zhuge Liang's psychological activities at the time based on the context.

How to portray characters

(1) Comparison technique. The comparison of military strength between Wei and Shu highlights the danger of the West City; the comparison between the officials' foolish opinion of "must abandon the city and leave" and Kong Ming's lofty views highlights Kong Ming's resourcefulness.

(2) Contrast technique. Sima Zhao's youthful vigor is used to set off Sima Yi's scheming, suspicious and conceited character. The use of "all the officials are eclipsed" is used to illustrate Zhuge Liang's fearlessness in the face of danger.

Expansion exercises

Read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and complete the following questions.

1. "The rolling waters of the Yangtze River pass eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. Right and wrong, success and failure are all gone. The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red several times..." This is the opening line of the famous Chinese classical literature _______.

2. The incarnation of the wise man in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is undoubtedly the military counselor Zhuge Liang. Before he was born, he knew the affairs of three parts of the world. The book records many popular deeds about him, such as burning ______, capturing ______ seven times, and coming out six times. ______, Empty City Strategy to retreat ______, Kill with tears ______, etc.

3. The three sworn brothers in Taoyuan in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are ______ who wields the double-pronged sword, ______ who wields the eight-foot-long snake spear and spear, and ______ who wields the Qinglong Yanyue Sword.

4. The incarnation of loyalty in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is ______. The things we know about his loyalty, righteousness, courage, strategy, and pride are respectively: Walking a Thousand Miles______, Huarong Daoyi Interpretation______, Crossing Five Passes and Killing______, Water Flooded ______, defeated ______.

5. Write two idioms or sayings related to the "Three Kingdoms" story: ________; ________, _______.

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"Empty City Strategy" PPT courseware 11:

"Empty City Strategy" PPT courseware 11 Learning objectives 1. Master the pinyin and explanation of important new words in the text. 2. Read the text carefully and clarify the beginning, development, climax and ending of the novel. 3. Understand the basic knowledge and basic reading methods of novels, that is, understand the characters through plot analysis.