"Ecosystems Composed by Biology and Environment" Understanding the Biosphere PPT Courseware 3

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"Ecosystems Composed by Biology and Environment" Understanding the Biosphere PPT Courseware 3

Biology and the environment are an inseparable whole

(1) Ecosystem

Within a certain spatial range, the unified whole formed by organisms and the environment is called an ecosystem.

forest ecosystem

Distribution: Humid or relatively humid places.

Features: There are many kinds of animals and plants, which are in a stable state for a long time.

Function: Provide humans with a large amount of wood and a variety of forest by-products.

Conserving water, maintaining soil and water, regulating climate, etc., and improving the ecological environment.

grassland ecosystem

Distribution: Arid areas with little annual rainfall.

Characteristics: Lack of tall plants. Although there are fewer species of animals and plants than forest ecosystems, they are still very rich.

Function: 1. Developed animal husbandry

2. Soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, etc.

2. Composition of ecosystem

Plant Role: Producer

Function: Can use light energy to create organic matter, which not only supplies plants themselves, but is also a food source for animals.

Animal Role: Consumer

Function: Cannot use light energy to create organic matter, directly or indirectly feed on plants

Fungus Role: Decomposer

Function: Able to decompose organic matter into inorganic matter for reuse by green plants.

1. An ecosystem, no matter how big or small, is composed of ( )

A. Composed of producers, consumers and decomposers;

B. Animal and plant composition;

C. Composed of biological parts and non-biological parts;

D. composed of all living things.

2. Which of the following does not belong to the ecosystem ( )

A. A group of wild ducks B. A river

C. a forest D. a pond

3. The Yellow River is our mother river. Which of the following belongs to an ecosystem ( )

AThe water in the Yellow River BAll living things in the Yellow River

CThe fish in the Yellow River DThe whole Yellow River

4. The ecosystem that has the function of conserving water sources and protecting soil and water, and is known as a “green reservoir” is ( )

A. Freshwater ecosystem B. Marine ecosystem

C. Wetland ecosystem D. Forest ecosystem

5. Among the following organisms, which ones are producers ( )

A. Rabbit B. Mushroom C. Green algae D. Paramecium

Analytical thinking:

(1) What is the relative quantity relationship of various organisms in this ecosystem? Which one has the most and which one has the least? Why?

Producers are the largest, primary consumers are second, secondary consumers are third, and tertiary consumers are the least. Determined by food relationships.

(2) If the organic matter in plants and the fixed solar energy are the same, through which food chain do you think the eagle obtains more energy?

In a food chain, the fewer links it goes through, the more energy the creature at the top of the food chain (such as an eagle) obtains.

(3) If due to environmental pollution, heavy metal elements enter the soil and can be absorbed by plants, but cannot be excreted by various organisms. In this ecosystem, which organism do you think will ultimately have the highest content of heavy metals?

eagle. Eagles eat many rabbits, rats, and snakes. The toxic substances in these animals accumulate in the eagle's body, causing the accumulation of toxic substances in the eagle's body to be greater than that of other animals. It can be seen that organisms with higher trophic levels accumulate more toxic substances in their bodies than small fish.

(4) If someone hunts eagles in large numbers, the population of which species is likely to change? What happens if the grass is destroyed?

Removing organisms at the top of the food chain has relatively little impact on the ecosystem. After a certain period of time, other components of the ecosystem can generally return to normal levels. In an ecosystem, once the producers are completely destroyed, the consequences will be devastating, that is, all kinds of consumers will disappear one after another.

Consolidation exercises

1. The following biologically meaningful food chain is ( )

A. Rice - Rat - Snake - Human

B. Sunshine-grass-snake-people

C. Grass - Rat - Snake - Eagle

D. Nutrients—Rat—Snake—Eagle

2. Which of the following can complete the food chain ( )

AThe mantis stalks the cicada, but the oriole follows behind

BThe big fish eats the small fish, and the small fish eats the shrimps

CThe fox eats the rabbit and the rabbit eats grass

D Owls prey on voles, and foxes also eat voles

3. In the food chain of "forage, wild rats, snakes and eagles", the one with the most energy is ( )

A.Eagle B.Snake C.Vole D.Grass

4. Recently, a large number of dead fish have appeared in a certain river. Local villagers suspect that it is related to the entry of refractory toxic substances discharged from upstream factories into the water body. Based on this, it is speculated that in the food chain of "algae → water fleas → small fish → big fish" in the river, the one with the largest accumulation of toxic substances is

A. Algae b. Daphnia c. small fish d. big fish

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition seventh grade biology volume 1 industry PPT template

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