"Economic Development and Seclusion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and Social Crisis PPT Courseware 3

"Economic Development and Seclusion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and Social Crisis PPT Courseware 3

Learning requirements

Master the development of agriculture, handicrafts, and commerce and the emergence of capitalism during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and understand the relationship between the development of agriculture and handicrafts during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the active commodity economy and the emergence of capitalism.

We know that the Qing government implemented the policy of "focusing on the basics and suppressing the weak" internally and the policy of "closing the country aside" externally.

Understand the reasons, main manifestations, analysis and impact of the Qing government's "isolation" policy.

Key points of this lesson

The Qing Dynasty’s “closed-door policy”

Difficulties of this lesson

Understanding the buds of capitalism

1. During the Ming Dynasty, what exotic high-yielding crops were widely introduced in my country?

In the 16th century, Guangdong, Fujian and other places introduced high-yielding crops originating from the Americas: corn, sweet potato

During the Ming Dynasty, my country also introduced new vegetable varieties: peanuts, potatoes, sunflowers, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, green beans, etc.

Cotton was planted all over the north and south; people in the Ming Dynasty used cotton as their main clothing material; Hebei, Henan, and Shandong became new cotton planting centers.

In the late 16th century, tobacco, native to the Americas, was introduced

Effect detection

What crops and cash crops were introduced into my country during the Ming Dynasty?

Corn, peanuts, sweet potatoes, potatoes, sunflowers, tobacco, etc.

Where were the cotton textile center, silk weaving center and porcelain making center in the Ming Dynasty?

Songjiang Suzhou Jingdezhen

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was the commodity economy developed?

The commodity economy is unprecedentedly active

What’s the point of introducing crops?

It has greatly enriched the varieties of crops in our country.

Increase food production.

Improve diet structure.

It provides more raw materials for the development of handicraft industry and promotes the progress of handicraft industry.

Development of handicraft industry

The cotton textile industry was pushed from the south to the north during the Ming Dynasty, and a number of cotton textile industry bases emerged in both the north and the south.

Silk weaving industry

Suzhou was the center of the silk weaving industry in the Ming Dynasty

Nanjing's silk weaving industry catches up from behind

In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 30,000 looms

Porcelain making industry Jingdezhen is the porcelain making center in the country.

The activity of commodity economy

Jihu: They were early capitalists who owned the means of production and funds. They opened machine rooms (early manual workshops) and relied on hiring machinists (early wage workers) to produce, and they exploited wage workers.

Feudal landlords: occupy large amounts of land and make a living by exploiting peasants.

【Self-evaluation】

1. Among the following crops,

It was not introduced into China from abroad during the Ming Dynasty ().

A. CornB. Champa rice C. Sweet potato D. sunflower

2. Among the following economic phenomena, the one that shows the emergence of capitalist production relations is ().

A. The emergence of computer rooms with "computer users investing and machine workers contributing"

B． A number of larger industrial and commercial cities emerged

C. Some handicraft sectors are very large

D． The technical division of labor in some handicraft industries is very detailed

3. The policy of “closing off the country”

1. Why did the rulers of the Qing Dynasty implement the policy of "closing the country apart"?

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty adhered to the policy of "taking agriculture as the basis, focusing on agriculture and suppressing business".

The self-sufficient feudal economic stability prevented people from having too many interactions with the outside world.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty regarded themselves as a great power in the Celestial Empire, and their complacency seriously affected China's progress.

The Qing rulers were worried that their country's territorial sovereignty would be invaded by foreign countries, and that coastal people's interactions with foreigners would endanger their rule.

What are the specific manifestations of "closing the country off"?

Coastal people are strictly prohibited from going out to sea for trade without authorization.

Only four ports were opened and then reduced to one port in Guangzhou as a foreign trade port.

Strictly restrict the types of imports and the carrying capacity of ships going to sea.

3. What impact has it had?

The Qing government's policy of seclusion lasted for nearly 200 years. It played a certain role in self-defense against the aggressive activities of Western colonists. However, being isolated from the world means that it is unable to see changes in the world situation and fails to learn advanced scientific knowledge and production technology from the West in a timely manner, which makes China gradually fall behind in the world.

1. Emperor Qianlong’s pardon to the King of England said: “The products of the Celestial Empire are abundant and everything is available, and the goods from foreign countries were not originally used to communicate what was available.”

2. Emperor Jiaqing's edict said: "The empire is rich all over the world, so why does it need to collect some trivial goods from your small country?"

(1). What kind of thoughts does this statement reflect on the Qing rulers?

(2). What policies did the Qing government implement? What's the impact?

(3). Please contact the current opening to the outside world to talk about your views?

The Qing government not only opened Guangzhou as a trading port, but also stipulated:

Foreign businessmen must live in designated commercial buildings in Guangzhou and are not allowed to go out without permission;

You can go out three times a month and take a walk to nearby flower fields and temples within the specified time;

Foreign businessmen are not allowed to spend the winter in Guangzhou or ride in sedan chairs; foreign women are not allowed to enter Guangzhou city;

Chinese people are not allowed to borrow money from foreign businessmen or be employed by foreign businessmen, and they are not allowed to teach foreigners Chinese.

What do you think of these strange rules?

What kind of psychology does it reflect on the rulers of the Qing Dynasty?

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