East China Normal University Edition Seventh Grade History Volume 2

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"The Unification of the Sui Dynasty and the Replacement of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" PPT Courseware 3 of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

1. The unification of the Sui Dynasty

1. Regime changes between the Southern and Northern Dynasties:

In 581, Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty, and Yang Jian became Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. In 589, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty destroyed the Chen Dynasty and unified the country.

What impact did the unification of the Sui Dynasty bring to Chinese history?

1. Ended the split situation that had existed for more than 270 years since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.

2. Conducive to social stability and economic development.

3. It laid a solid foundation for the unprecedented prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

2. The Imperial Examination System and the Grand Canal

1. The establishment of the imperial examination system.

(1) Read historical materials:

Material 1: The Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System of the Wei and Jin Dynasties - The Nine-Rank Zhongzheng System was an important official selection system during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, also known as the Nine-Rank Officials Law.

Since those who served as Zhongzheng during the Wei and Jin Dynasties were generally from well-known families, in the process of Zhongzheng's ranking, the standard of talent and virtue was gradually ignored, while family background became more and more important, and even became the only criterion. By the Western Jin Dynasty, the "high-grade people have no poor family, and low-grade people have no poor family" finally formed. The situation of “powerless people”.

Material 2: During the Wei, Sui and Tang Dynasties, the economic strength of small and medium-sized landowners continued to strengthen. They actively requested to participate in politics, hoping to change the status quo of low political status in some form. The establishment of a unified centralized bureaucracy urgently requires a large number of high-quality officials to be enriched in the administrative agencies at all levels of the government, so that the decrees can be smoothed and the bureaucracy can operate normally, further curbing the forces of local separatism, strengthening the imperial power, and consolidating the central government. the purpose of centralization.

(2) Based on Material 1, discuss the recommendation system before the imperial examination system and its impact.

(1) Under the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, children of powerful people, regardless of their merits or demerits, have the opportunity to become officials. People with humble backgrounds and real talents cannot serve as high-ranking officials at the central and local levels, and ordinary people have no chance to become officials.

(2) The people selected by this system have no talents, which is not conducive to the long-term stability of the country.

(3) Students discuss in groups what are the reasons for the emergence of the imperial examination system?

(1) The economic strength of small and medium-sized landowners continues to increase. They actively demand to participate in politics, hoping to change the status quo of low political status in some form.

(2) The economic strength and political status of the noble families formed since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties have been significantly weakened and declined.

(3) The unified Sui Dynasty needed to strengthen the imperial power and consolidate the purpose of centralization.

(4) The impact of the establishment of the imperial examination system.

①The central government was able to recruit talents from all over the world and expanded the basis of political rule.

② The power of local clans has been effectively suppressed, and the centralization of power has been further strengthened.

2. The excavation of the Grand Canal

(1) Basic situation of the excavation of the Grand Canal.

Time: 605 years

Reigning emperors: Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty

Purpose: To strengthen north-south transportation and consolidate the Sui Dynasty's rule over the country

(2) Look at the picture and tell us which town is at the northernmost end of the Grand Canal? Where is the center of the Grand Canal? Which town is the southernmost town?

(3) Can everyone name the four sections of the Grand Canal in sequence?

Think about it?

The ancients commented on the Grand Canal and said: "The whole world turns to this canal." What does this sentence mean? Why was water transportation of food so important in ancient times?

This sentence means that the country's water transportation of food depends entirely on the Grand Canal.

In ancient times, ships were the main means of transportation. Compared with land transportation, water transportation of food had a larger loading capacity and faster speed.

Use your brain

Why was it possible to open the Grand Canal running from north to south during the Sui Dynasty? What will be the impact after opening?

Reasons: 1. Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty took advantage of his existing economic strength.

2. Based on natural rivers and ancient canals.

3. The unification of the country gave Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty the possibility of recruiting millions of people.

Impact: Promoted economic and cultural exchanges and strengthened political ties between North and South.

3. The fall of the Sui Dynasty and the establishment of the Tang Dynasty

1. The manifestation of the tyranny of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.

2. The result of the tyranny of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.

The tyranny of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty triggered a peasant uprising, and many local forces rebelled against the Sui Dynasty and established armed separatism. In 618, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was killed by his subordinates in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty fell.

3. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty.

Time: 618 years

Character: Li Yuan

Capital: Chang'an

What are the similarities between the Sui Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty?

1. The reign was short, and they all died in the second generation.

2. All ended the long-term division of our country and achieved national reunification.

3. Both have world-famous great projects - Qin: the Great Wall; Sui: the Grand Canal.

4. Both formulated many important systems, which had a profound impact on later generations - Qin: established the authoritarian centralized system; Sui: established the imperial examination system.

In-class training

1. The historical conditions for the Sui Dynasty to unify the north and south were ( )

① The great integration of northern ethnic groups in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties ② The opening of the Grand Canal strengthened north-south transportation ③ The economic development of Jiangnan during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties ④ Northerners moved south during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties

A. ①③ B. ①② C. ③④ D. ②③

2. The main purpose of the Sui Dynasty’s construction of the Grand Canal was ( )

A. Strengthen north-south transportation and consolidate the Sui Dynasty's rule over the country

B． Strengthen water conservancy and irrigation

C. For Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to tour Jiangdu

D. For the war against Goryeo

3. When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty took a "dragon boat" cruise from Luoyang to Yangzhou, which sections of the Grand Canal he had to pass through ( )

①Tongji Canal ②Yongji Canal ③Hangou ④Jiangnan River

A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③ D. ①④

4. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the main criteria for selecting officials were ( )

A. Talent b. Property c. Family status D. nationality

5. The earliest use of subject-specific examinations to select officials was in ( )

A. Wei and Jin Dynasties B. Sui Dynasty

C. Early Tang Dynasty D. Mid-Tang Dynasty

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"The Unification of the Sui Dynasty and the Replacement of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" PPT courseware of the Sui and Tang Dynasties:

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Update Time: 2024-11-01

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