"Evolution of the Earth" Earth in the Universe PPT courseware

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"Evolution of the Earth" Earth in the Universe PPT courseware

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. Stratigraphy and Fossils

1. strata

(1) Concept: layered rocks or accumulations distributed in a band in the upper part of the earth's crust.

(2) Significance: The stratigraphy is the "page" that records the history of the earth.

2. fossil

(1) Concept: There are biological remains or relics from different eras preserved in the strata, which is the material evidence of ______.

(2) Type: ① Most of them are the remains of ancient organisms; ② A few are the remains of ancient biological activities.

(3) Characteristics: Strata of different eras generally contain ______ fossils, while strata of the same era often preserve ______ or ______ fossils.

(4) Function: ① Determine the ______ and ______ of the formation; ② Trace the ______ of the formation during its deposition.

2. The evolution history of the earth

(1) Geological time

1. Concept: The specific formation time and sequence of strata of different geological eras in the earth's crust.

2. Division based on: stratigraphic sequence, biological evolution stage, crustal movement and rock age.

3. Division unit: ______→generation→______.

(2) Precambrian

1. Time: refers to the period before the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic Era, which lasted approximately 4 billion years.

2. evolution process

(3) Phanerozoic Era

1. Period: refers to the period since the Cambrian.

2. Biological characteristics: Organisms gradually evolve to a more ______ stage of development, and animals already have ______ and clear ______ structures.

3. Evolution process

(1)Paleozoic Era:

(2) Mesozoic Era:

(3)New generation:

The evolution of the earth PPT, part 2: attaching importance to problem-based teaching

Question 1: How to identify strata and fossilsBasic test points

[Thinking and exploring]

Coral reefs refer to the rock mass composed of the remains of coral groups after their death. The main body of coral reefs is composed of coral polyps. Coral polyps are a type of coelenterate in the ocean. During the growth process, coral polyps can absorb calcium and carbon dioxide in seawater, and then secrete Limestone becomes the shell of one's own survival. After subsequent compaction and petrification, these limestones formed islands and reefs, also known as coral reefs. Corals generally grow in seawater with a water temperature of 22 to 30°C and a certain salinity. At the same time, their photosynthesis also requires sufficient light.

[Exploration] Chinese geological and paleontological scientists have found coral fossils on the slopes of the Himalayas many times. Please use this to speculate on the paleogeographic environment of the Himalayas.

Tip: A long time ago, the Himalayas were a warm shallow sea environment. Later, due to the movement of the earth's crust, the ocean turned into land.

[System Cognition]

1. Conditions for paleontology to become fossils

(1) The living thing itself must have hard parts such as hard shells and bones that are not susceptible to oxidation or decay.

(2) After the death of an organism, its body must be buried in sediment as soon as possible to avoid oxidation, decay or other damage.

(3) The buried biological remains must undergo a long period of filling, replacement or uplift and other petrification processes to form fossils.

2. Biological evolution and fossil applications

(1) Use the sequence method to remember extinct biological species:

(2) Use fossils skillfully to determine stratigraphy:

(3) Infer the geographical environment with the help of fossils:

In a certain environment, a certain group of organisms live, which will leave a natural imprint on the organisms. In this way, biological fossils can be used to restore the living era and paleogeographic environment of organisms. For example: in warm and vast shallow sea environments, limestone composed of coral reefs can be formed; in hot and humid forested areas, coal-bearing strata rich in plant fossils can be formed.

[Training to pass the test]

1. Fossils are often found in which of the following types of rocks ()

A. Sedimentary rockB. igneous rock

C． Metamorphic rock D. granite

2. Scientists conducted comparative studies on strata and paleontological fossils from around the world and found that the evolution of the earth showed obvious ()

A. Holistic b. stage

C． Difference D. regional

3. Which of the following geological eras does not belong to the Mesozoic Era ()

A. Triassic B. Jurassic

C． Permian D. Cretaceous

Question 2: What is the evolution of the earth? Important and difficult test points

[Thinking and exploring]

Swallow stone, also called Duofu stone, is scientifically called trilobite fossil. During the formation process, a part of the trilobite was fossilized. The fossilized skull of this part is curved like a bow. The two bow thorns are twice as large as the body. The two bows are like wings and merge into one. The body is as small as a swift, so it is named. Stone Play The author also called it the "Flying Sky Stone".

[Problem Design]

1. From the perspective of "regional cognition", analyze the geographical environment characteristics of trilobite life and the time of their extinction on the earth.

Tip: Trilobites lived in the warm waters of the early Paleozoic. The time of extinction on Earth was the end of the Paleozoic Era.

2. Use "comprehensive thinking" to analyze what type of rock the rock formation that forms the swallow stone belongs to? What are the main processes in the development of the Earth's surface during its formation?

Hint: sedimentary rocks. During the formation of swallow stone, the earth's surface experienced the subsidence and deposition process of the strata.

[System Cognition]

The relationship between biological evolution, extinction and the environment

The impact of biological evolution on environmental changes and the extinction of organisms after environmental changes can be represented by the following structural diagram:

In mastering the brief history of biological evolution and environmental evolution, focus on the following clues:

(1) Time changes: Precambrian → Paleozoic → Mesozoic → Cenozoic.

(2) Animal evolution: the initial stages of animal gestation, germination and development → the age of marine invertebrates → the age of fish → the age of amphibians → the age of reptiles → the age of mammals → the age of humans.

(3) Plant changes: marine algae era → terrestrial fern era → gymnosperm era → angiosperm era.

[Training to pass the test]

1. The time when eukaryotes and multicellular organisms evolved from prokaryotes ()

A. Hadean Eon B. Archaean Eon

C． Proterozoic Eon D. Early Paleozoic

2. What is called the "Age of Reptiles" is ()

A. Paleozoic Era B. Mesozoic Era

C． Cenozoic D. Quaternary

3. In the late Paleozoic, which of the following types of plants flourished and formed dense forests, which was an important coal-forming period in geological history ()

A. Ferns b. Gymnosperms

C． Cyanobacteria D. angiosperms

Evolution of the Earth PPT, Part 3: Carry out structural evaluation of thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking - the "pages" and "words" that record the history of the earth

In 1977, more than 200 ancient cell fossils that were clearly similar to prokaryotic algae were discovered in the ancient accumulation rocks of the Swaziland system in South Africa 3.5 billion years ago. Chinese scientists discovered a large number of ancient marine fossils during their expedition in the Himalayas. Foreign scientists have discovered that the Carboniferous-Permian strata of Brazil and South Africa contain the fossils of Mesosaurus, a reptile that lived in fresh or brackish water. However, Mesosaurus is a reptile and cannot fly across the ocean. What conclusion can you draw from the above material?

Keywords: Hunan Education Edition High School Geography Compulsory Course 1 PPT Courseware Free Download, Evolution of the Earth PPT Download, Earth in the Universe PPT Download, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "The Earth in the Universe and the Evolution of the Earth", please click on the "Earth in the Universe ppt The Evolution of the Earth ppt" tag.

"The Evolution of the Earth" Earth in the Universe PPT download:

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

This template belongs to Geography courseware Hunan Education Edition High School Geography Compulsory Course I industry PPT template

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