"Evolution of Biology" PPT courseware

Description

"Evolution of Biology" PPT courseware

Part One: Situation Import

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist and the founder of the scientific theory of evolution. Born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and died in Darwen, Kent. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1825 to 1827 and theology at the University of Cambridge from 1827 to 1831.

learning target

1. Through studying the theories of artificial selection and natural selection, understand the reasons for biological evolution and the reasons for the formation of biological adaptability.

2. Cultivate students' dialectical materialist views and improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems.

Evolution of living things PPT, part 2 content: course exploration

Explore theme one

natural selection

(1)What is natural selection:

Creatures in nature, through a fierce struggle for survival, the adapted ones survive and the unadapted ones are eliminated. This is natural selection.

For example: In the history of evolutionary research, the reason for the formation of giraffes' long necks has been a focus of debate. According to the theory of natural selection, it is explained as follows:

(2) Contents of the theory of natural selection

overbreeding

struggle for survival

Genetic Variation

survival of the fittest

(3) Natural selection determines the direction of biological evolution

The Manchester area in England in the 18th century was full of beautiful mountains and clear waters, and was covered with green trees. There is a species of birch moth living in the forest there, and its adult is a moth. They are nocturnal and spend the day roosting on lichen-covered tree trunks. In 1850, some biologists came here for an inspection and found that most adult betula moths were light-colored, and only a few were dark-colored. These dark-colored betula moths were the result of light-colored birch-inch moths growing under natural conditions. Variation type.

By 1950, Manchester had become an industrial city. There are many factories here, and the smoke is thick. The soot emitted by the factories kills the lichens, leaving the bark of the trees exposed and smoked black-brown. At this time, some biologists came here to investigate. To their surprise, the dark-colored birch moths here became common, while the light-colored birch moths became a minority.

Explore theme two

artificial selection

What is artificial selection?

The process of preserving individuals with favorable mutations and eliminating individuals with unfavorable mutations through artificial methods to improve biological traits and breed new varieties is called artificial selection.

Evolution of Biology PPT, Part 3: Class Summary

1. The theory of natural selection

1. Contents of the theory of natural selection: over-reproduction, struggle for survival, genetic variation, and survival of the fittest.

2. Natural selection is achieved through competition for survival, and biological diversity and adaptability are the results of natural selection.

3. Selection is ubiquitous in nature. The directional selection of the environment determines the direction of biological evolution.

2. Artificial selection

The process of preserving individuals with favorable mutations and eliminating individuals with unfavorable mutations through artificial methods to improve biological traits and breed new varieties.

Biological Evolution PPT, Part 4: Standard Training

1. The British naturalist Darwin published his masterpiece on the theory of biological evolution with the theory of natural selection as the core in 1859 ( )

A. "Population Theory" B. "Travel on the Beagle"

C. "Origin of Species" D. "Insects"

2. In the 1960s, the insecticidal effect of DDT was very good, but in the 1980s, the insecticidal effect declined significantly. The reason is ( )

A. A protective film against DDT is formed on the body surface of pests due to long-term contamination with DDT.

B. Long-term use of DDT leads to the production of anti-DDT antibodies in pests.

C. In the 1980s, DDT production levels declined and quality declined.

D. Natural selection increases the proportion of pests resistant to DDT.

3. In the mid-19th century, most of the birch moths living in Manchester, England were light gray. However, a hundred years later, when Manchester became an industrial city, most of the birch moths living here were dark black. . This change in the birch moth is ( )

A. The result of manual selection

B． result of natural selection

C. The result of blackening from industrial dust

D. The birch moth produces only dark-colored variants

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Evolution of Biology, the Occurrence and Development of Life", please click the "Evolution of Biology ppt, the Occurrence and Development of Life" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-11-24

This template belongs to biology courseware Beijing Normal University Edition Eighth Grade Biology Volume 2 industry PPT template

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