"Disputes between Princes and Reform Movement" from the origin of Chinese civilization to the establishment and consolidation of the unified feudal state of Qin and Han Dynasty PPT

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"Disputes between Princes and Reform Movement" from the origin of Chinese civilization to the establishment and consolidation of the unified feudal state of Qin and Han Dynasty PPT

Part 1: 1. Disputes among nations and China’s identity

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

1. Conflict among nations

(1) Background: With the development of productive forces, the patriarchal feudal system gradually collapsed.

(2) Performance:

The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period:

The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period:

(3) Result: The traditional political order of the Zhou Dynasty was completely destroyed, kings of various countries proclaimed themselves kings one after another, and the Zhou royal family was also annexed by Qin in 256 BC.

2. Chinese identity

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the surrounding ethnic groups developed the concept of Chinese identity; after entering the Warring States Period, the Rongdi barbarians gradually integrated into the Chinese people. The Huaxia tribe has absorbed a large amount of fresh blood, making it more stable and more widely distributed.

Disputes between princes and the reform movement PPT, the second part of the content: 2. Economic development and the reform movement

1. Economic development

(1) Iron smelting technology emerged, iron farm tools began to be used, and cattle farming was also promoted.

(2) Countries have built water conservancy and irrigation projects one after another.

(3) Agricultural progress promotes social division of labor and promotes the prosperity of industry and commerce.

(4) During the Warring States Period, the division of labor in the handicraft industry became more detailed, money circulated widely, and a number of central cities with large populations and merchants emerged in various places.

2. Reform movement

(1) Background: During the Warring States Period, annexation wars became increasingly fierce. In order to enrich the country and strengthen its military, various countries carried out political, economic, military, and social system reforms one after another.

(2) Achievements: Countries promoted social transformation through reforms and gradually established a political system of autocratic monarchy.

(3) Shang Yang’s Reform

①Time: 356 BC

②Main content: Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business, reward farming and weaving; reward military merit, deprive and limit the privileges of nobles; force large families to be broken up into individual small families; abolish the well-field system and grant land to the common people; implement the practice of sitting together among the people, picketing and reporting each other; The county system is generally implemented in administrative management, and the main officials of the county are appointed and removed by the monarch.

③Features: The longest duration, the widest coverage, and the most thorough reform.

④Impact: The reform made Qin rich and powerful, laying the foundation for Qin to unify China.

Shang Yang (also known as Wei Yang, Gongsun Yang, about 395 BC - 338 BC), surnamed Gongsun, was a native of Wei State (now Anyang, Henan Province), a descendant of the monarch of Wei State, a statesman, reformer, and thinker during the Warring States Period. , a representative figure of Legalism. Shang Yang's reforms made Qin a powerful country at that time. He was named Lord Shang due to his meritorious service. In 338 BC, after the death of Duke Xiao of Qin, Shang Yang was accused by Prince Qian of treason and was defeated and died in Tongdi. His body was cut into pieces and displayed to the public.

PPT on disputes between princes and the reform movement, the third part: 3. Confucius and Laozi

1. Confucius

(1) Life: Confucius was the founder of the Confucian school. His name was Qiu and his courtesy name was Zhongni. He was born into a noble family in the declining state of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) Claim:

①The core concept is "benevolence", caring for others, and then advocating that the rulers should comply with the people's hearts, cherish the people's strength, "govern with virtue", and govern the country through the moral inspiration of leading by example.

② Advocate for the restoration of the strict hierarchical ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and at the same time admit that the system should be improved as the times change.

③ Advocating "education without distinction" broke the past monopoly of cultural education by the aristocratic class and promoted the development of private schools.

④Compiled the Six Classics and passed down the culture. His main thoughts and remarks were recorded in the Analects compiled by his disciples and subsequent disciples.

2. Lao Tzu

(1) Biography: Laozi is the founder of the Taoist school. His surname is Li, his given name is Er, and his courtesy name is Dan. He was a native of Chu in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) Claim:

①The origin of all things in the world is boiled down to the abstract "Tao".

②The unity of nature and man, simple historical materialism.

③ Simple dialectical thinking reveals that things exist in contradictions of interdependence, mutual transformation, and unity of opposites; it is believed that extreme things must be reversed, and softness can overcome hardness.

④ Advocates letting nature take its course, governing by doing nothing, and even returning to the era of small countries and few people.

PPT on the disputes between princes and the reform movement, the fourth part: 4. The contention of a hundred schools of thought

1. Background

(1) The development of social economy prompted new changes in class relations and the rise of the scholar class.

(2) Out of the need to compete for hegemony, rulers of various countries pay tribute to the virtuous and corporal, and compete to recruit talents.

2. Connotation

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many theories and schools emerged, each putting forward their views on politics, society and even the universe, and debating and refuting each other, forming a prosperous ideological and cultural situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended.

3. Main factions and propositions

(1) Confucianism: The representative figures are Mencius and Xunzi. Mencius’s theory of good nature and benevolent government; Xunzi’s theory of evil nature and the emphasis on ritual and law. "Control the destiny and use it"

(2) Taoism: The representative figure is Zhuangzi. Advocating carefree freedom; the viewpoint of "equalizing all things"; heaven and man "do not compete with each other", and man must conform to nature.

(3) Yin Yang Family: The representative is Zou Yan. The five elements promote and restrict each other, "mutual growth and mutual victory".

(4) Mohism: The representative figure Mozi represents the interests of the lower class civilians; he is universally loving, non-aggressive, and respects the virtuous.

(5) Legalism: Representative figure Han Fei represented the interests of the emerging landlord class and advocated using law as a tool to manage the country and control the subjects, embodying the political thought of centralization.

The choice of several ruling ideologies: for a country, in times of great chaos, it should use Legalism, autocratic centralization, harsh punishments, and violent politics; after great chaos, it should use Taoism, which means governing by doing nothing and recuperating; in times of peace, it should use Confucianism, Pay attention to culture and moral education.

4. Influence

The Hundred Schools of Thought contended in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, reflecting the social and economic development and changes in class relations in the ideological field. It was the first magnificent ideological emancipation movement in Chinese history. It not only laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for the emerging landlord class to enter the historical stage, but also became the source of Chinese thought and culture for later generations, with a far-reaching influence.

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"Conflicts between Princes and the Reform Movement" PPT teaching courseware from the origin of Chinese civilization to the establishment and consolidation of the unified feudal state of Qin and Han Dynasties Part 1: Introduction of new knowledge In an era of two stones, one was polished and polished. Matriarchal societies use fire, while patrilineal societies grow vegetables. ..

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"Conflicts between Princes and Reform Movements" From the Origin of Chinese Civilization to the Establishment and Consolidation of the Unified Feudal States of Qin and Han Dynasties PPT Courseware Download Part One Content: Conceptual Analysis Eastern Zhou Dynasty Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC - 256 BC), dynasties in Chinese history , after the fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty, various...

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

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