"Diplomatic Achievements" National Defense Construction and Diplomatic Achievements PPT courseware

"Diplomatic Achievements" National Defense Construction and Diplomatic Achievements PPT courseware

learning target

1. Know: the independent foreign policy of peace, the foreign policy of the United States and the Soviet Union towards China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and the Bandung Conference.

2. Summarize the foreign policy in the early days of the founding of New China

3. Compare the two completely different foreign policies of New China and Old China. Understand the principle that a weak country has no diplomacy, enhance its sense of social responsibility, realize that it is the Communist Party of China that makes Chinese people truly stand up, and then cultivate students' love for the Communist Party of China.

Focus: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

Difficulty: The reasons why imperialist countries were hostile to China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

independent preview

1. Read page P80 of the textbook and summarize the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

(1) At the end of 1953, Zhou Enlai proposed ____________________ during negotiations with the Indian government delegation.

(2) The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have had a profound impact on the international community and have become a _________ between countries.

2. Read pages P80-81 and summarize the attendance at the Asian-African Conference: In ______, the Asian-African Conference was held in Bandung, Indonesia. Zhou Enlai proposed the policy of _________ and made an important contribution to the success of the conference.

1. Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

1. Proposed: At the end of 1953, Zhou Enlai first proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence during negotiations with the Indian government delegation.

2. Content: Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity; mutual non-aggression; non-interference in each other's internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; peaceful coexistence.

3. Determination: In 1954, China, India, and Myanmar jointly advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the basic principles guiding their mutual relations.

4. Significance: It has had a profound impact on the international community and has become a basic criterion for handling relations between countries.

2. Attend the Asian-African Conference

1. Time: April 1955

2. Location: Bandung, Indonesia

3. Overview: Zhou Enlai proposed the policy of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", which promoted the complete success of the meeting.

Seek common ground while reserving differences

Same: have the same historical experience, and have been subjected to colonial plunder and rule by capitalist countries. They share a common desire: to maintain independence and seek development.

Seeking common ground: seeking common development goals and aspirations

Difference: Different social systems and policies, different opinions and disagreements in various countries.

Preserving differences: Preserving different social systems and ideologies

3. Return to the United Nations and establish diplomatic relations between China and the United States

A. Return to the United Nations:

1. Time: October 1971

2. Location: 26th United Nations General Assembly

3. Overview: The General Assembly overwhelmingly adopted the proposal of 23 countries including Albania and Algeria, restored the People's Republic of China's legal seat in the United Nations, and at the same time expelled representatives of the Taiwan Kuomintang group from all United Nations agencies.

4. Significance: It is a major victory for China’s diplomatic work. China's return to the United Nations has further improved China's international status and enabled the People's Republic of China to make greater contributions to maintaining world peace and strengthening friendly cooperation among countries on a broader international stage.

B. The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States:

1. Background: In the 1970s, with the changes in the international situation, leaders of both China and the United States believed that it was necessary to improve relations between the two countries and normalize relations between China and the United States.

2. Nixon’s visit to China: In February 1972, US President Nixon visited China. China and the United States signed the "Sino-US Joint Communique" in Shanghai, marking the beginning of the normalization of relations between the two countries.

3. Establishment of diplomatic relations: In January 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations. In the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the U.S. government recognized that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is part of China; it recognized that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government of China.

please think

1. Why is it said that it is restoring its legal seat in the United Nations?

China is both a founding member of the United Nations and one of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

2. Why was it not restored when New China was founded?

US obstruction

3. Why can the 1970s be restored?

First: the decline of American hegemony in the 1970s.

Second: support from developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Third: the improvement of China’s international status.

4. Major progress in diplomatic work

1. Reason: Since the reform and opening up, China has continued to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and actively carried out various forms of diplomatic activities.

2. Performance: Friendly relations with developing countries continue to strengthen, good-neighborly and friendly cooperative relations with neighboring countries develop in an all-round way, and relations with the United States, Russia, the European Union, and Japan have developed and improved;

Actively participating in multilateral diplomatic activities has effectively safeguarded national security and national dignity. At the same time, it has made great contributions to the peaceful settlement of international disputes and the maintenance of regional and world peace.

In June 2001, the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization" was established with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan;

In October 2001, Shanghai hosted the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting - the largest and highest-level multilateral diplomatic event ever held in China. Adopted the Shanghai Consensus

3. Influence: China is an important force in maintaining world peace and is playing an increasing role on the international stage.

Class exercises:

1. Zhou Enlai is a world-famous diplomat. The following diplomatic achievements and activities related to him are ( )

① Attend the APEC meeting ② Attend the Bandung Conference ③ Propose the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence ④ Participate in the negotiations for China’s accession to the WTO

A. ①② B. ②③ C． ③④ D. ①②③

2. On November 8, 1971, the American "Time" magazine featured Premier Zhou Enlai as the cover character and wrote on the cover: "The Chinese are coming." The main reason why Americans express such emotion is ( )

A. Zhou Enlai attended the Geneva Conference B. China resumed its legal seat in the United Nations

C.Normalization of Sino-US relations D.US table tennis team’s visit to China

3. The meeting that decided to restore the legitimate rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and restore China's permanent seat on the Security Council was: ( )

A. Bandung Conference B． Geneva Conference c. APEC Meeting D. The 26th United Nations General Assembly

Question exploration

What are the essential differences between the diplomacy of New China and Old China? What historical insights can we draw from this?

——The old Chinese reactionary government implemented a humiliating foreign policy

——The People's Government of New China implements an independent foreign policy

know:

1. If you fall behind, you will be beaten. Weak countries have no diplomacy.

2. Political corruption and economic backwardness will inevitably lead to diplomatic failure.

3. The ever-increasing comprehensive national strength is the strong backing for national diplomacy.

Questions for reflection and discussion:

New China's diplomacy is independent diplomacy, while old China's diplomacy is humiliation diplomacy. The old China's national power was weak. The Qing government, the Beiyang warlord government, and the Chiang Kai-shek government relied on imperialism externally and oppressed the working people internally. It suffered from serious internal and external troubles and had no status in the world. New China is a new regime established after the overthrow of the reactionary government of Chiang Kai-shek. The people are the masters of the country, pursue an independent foreign policy externally, rely on the working people internally, and oppose imperialism and hegemonism. China's international status is increasingly improving.

Participation Forum: Nixon’s words refer to the end of long-term hostility between China and the United States and the beginning of a new era of friendly exchanges.

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