"Description of Motion" Mechanical Motion PPT Courseware 2

"Description of Motion" Mechanical Motion PPT Courseware 2

(1) Mechanical movement

In physics, a change in the position of an object is called _________.

Explanation: Mechanical motion is the most common phenomenon in the universe, which refers to changes in the relative positions of macroscopic objects.

1. Select the table as the standard. Are the pencil case and textbook moving or stationary?

2. Select the textbook as the standard. Are the pencil case and table moving or stationary?

3. Select the pencil box as the standard. Are the textbooks and table moving or stationary?

According to different standards, the movement and rest of objects are different.

(2) Reference objects

1. When studying mechanical motion, we need to choose a ______________ as a standard. This object used as a standard is called a reference object.

2. Stationary: An object does not change its position relative to a reference object.

Movement: The change of position of an object relative to a reference object.

3. The reference object can be chosen arbitrarily. Usually we use __________________ as the reference object.

4. The entire universe is composed of matter that is constantly moving. There is no absolutely motionless object. The commonly heard motion and stillness are relative to different _________.

(3) The relativity between motion and stillness

(1) To describe the motion of an object, a reference object must first be selected.

(2) The selection of the reference object can be arbitrary, but the object to be judged cannot be selected as the reference object.

(3) After an object is selected as a reference object, it is assumed that the object is stationary. In fact, the reference object itself may also be moving.

(4) For the same object, the motion state can be different if the reference object is different.

Summary

Mechanical motion: The change in the position of an object is called mechanical motion.

Reference object: When describing the movement of an object, the object that is assumed to be stationary in advance is called the reference object.

The relativity of motion and rest:

To say that an object is moving or stationary is relative to a certain reference object. Different reference objects are chosen, and the motion state of the object is generally different, so motion and rest are relative.

Consolidation exercises

1. Which of the following objects’ motions belongs to mechanical motion ( )

A. The temperature of the iron rod in the furnace increases

B. Rise in prices in the market

C. Xiao Li is sitting on the train bound for Shanghai

D. The molecules that make up matter are in constant motion.

2. During a skydiving performance, two skydivers A and B jumped from the plane hand in hand. When descending, if the plane is used as the reference object, they are _______; using the ground as the reference object, Athlete A ______ _; taking athlete B as a reference, athlete A is _______.

3. The boat is going down the river. There is a person sitting in the boat. There are trees on the river bank. Compared with trees, people are ________ and boats are ________. Compared with boats, people are ________ and trees are ________.

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