"Development and Utilization of Natural Resources" Chemistry and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware (Micro Topic 10)

"Development and Utilization of Natural Resources" Chemistry and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware (Micro Topic 10)

Part One: Introduction of New Course

1. Structure of process flow questions

Rule: "Main line main product, branch by-products, and return to cycle."

2. Common methods for pretreatment of raw materials

(1) Grinding - Reduce the volume of solid particles, increase the contact area between solid and liquid or gas, and speed up the reaction rate.

(2) Water immersion - reacts or dissolves with water.

(3) Acid leaching - contact with acid to react or dissolve, allowing soluble metal ions to enter the solution, and insoluble matter to be removed by filtration.

(4) Burning - to remove flammable impurities or to initially transform raw materials. For example, burning is to remove flammable impurities when extracting iodine from kelp.

(5) Calcining - changing the structure so that some substances can be dissolved and some impurities can be oxidized and decomposed at high temperatures, such as calcined kaolin.

3. Method to solve chemical process problems - objective analysis method

Preparation process flow questions generally consist of multiple consecutive steps of operations, and each operation has its specific goals and tasks.

Development and utilization of natural resources PPT, part 2: tracking training

1. (2018·Hebei Hengshui Mid-Term) It is known that the bromine content in seawater is about 65 mg·L-1. The industrial process for extracting bromine from seawater is as follows:

(1) In the above step Ⅰ, free bromine has been obtained, and in step Ⅱ, it is converted into combined bromine for the purpose of ___________.

(2) In step Ⅱ, hot air is introduced to blow out Br2, which utilizes the _____ (fill in the letter) of bromine.

A. Oxidizing B. Reducing

C. Volatile D. Corrosive

(3) The ion reactions involved in step II are as follows. Please fill in the correct stoichiometry in the box:

(4) The bromine vapor blown out in the above process can also be absorbed by the aqueous solution of sulfur dioxide, then oxidized with chlorine, and then distilled. The ionic equation for the reaction between bromine and the aqueous solution of sulfur dioxide is ____________________________.

(5) Extraction method can also be used to separate bromine in the laboratory. The following extractants that can be used as bromine include _____ (fill in the letter).

A.Ethanol B.Carbon tetrachloride

C.Cracked gasoline D.Benzene

2. Our country has a long coastline and rich marine resources. The salt chemical industry using seawater as raw material is an important industry in our country. Brine is a solution rich in magnesium salts after seawater is dried and salted. In addition to magnesium salts, it also contains other salts (as shown in Figure A). Salt brine has a wide range of uses in food, chemical industry, etc. Please answer the following questions related to salt brine:

(1) According to Figure A, write the chemical formulas of the two most abundant salts in the brine: ______, ______.

(2) Figure B is the solubility curve of certain substances in the brine. It is known that at t1 ℃, the solubility of MgSO4 and KCl are M and N respectively, then the relationship between their solubilities is ________; heat the brine to above t2 ℃, According to the solubility curve, the first crystal to precipitate should be ________.

(3) The process flow of chemical plants using brine to produce magnesium metal is shown in the figure:

The purpose of "operation ①" is to precipitate and separate magnesium hydroxide. The name of operation ① is _______. The chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium hydroxide and reagent B is ____________________________. The name of operation ② is___________. The advantages of this method are ____________________________.

(4) Using electrolysis to prepare magnesium metal, two students designed the following two methods.

A: Electrolytic molten magnesium oxide

B: Electrolytic molten magnesium chloride

Among them, classmate ______ (fill in "A" or "B") has a more reasonable plan for preparing magnesium metal. Assuming that there is no loss of magnesium during the production process, 100 g of brine can produce _____ g of magnesium.

Development and Utilization of Natural Resources PPT, Part 3: Thinking Model

Methods to answer questions on chemical production process flow

(1) Pay attention to the beginning and end, and look at the middle: a one-stop production process question from raw materials to products. The key point is to carefully analyze and compare the composition of raw materials and products, and derive the methods for converting raw materials into products and removing impurities contained in raw materials. Basic principles and processes used.

(2) Use intersection to look at diversion: Some chemical production uses multiple groups of raw materials. The key to solving the problem is to identify the intermediate products and the intersecting production lines. During the analysis process, grasp the correlation between the intermediate products and crack them one by one.

(3) Clarify the purpose and read the process: Comprehensive questions on chemical process flow are generally about substance preparation. First, clarify what substance the purpose of the question is to prepare, obtain useful information from the question stem or questions, understand the properties of the product, and combine basic concepts and Reaction principles analyze the knowledge of elements and compounds in the flow chart test questions, analyze unknown substances from the perspective of the principle of mass conservation, and find breakthroughs in solving problems. The words before “→” are the input materials (reactants), and the words after “→” are the products.

(4) Look at control and look for separation: Substance preparation processes involve the separation and purification of substances. Pay attention to the control of raw materials and conditions required in the preparation process and the selection of substance separation methods (such as filtration, extraction, liquid separation, distillation, etc.). Write down the main chemical reaction equations or preparation principles as much as possible. If there is process evaluation content, it can be analyzed from multiple perspectives such as cost, environmental protection, and reality.

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