"Dan Ge Xing" "*Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields (Part 1)" PPT

"Dan Ge Xing" "*Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields (Part 1)" PPT

The first part: independent learning before class

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1. Know the author

The founder of a new situation in Jian'an literature - Cao Cao

Cao Cao (155-220), also known as Mengde and nicknamed Ah Ma, was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui). He was a famous statesman, military strategist and writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao was a man of great talent and strategy, "defining martial arts externally and developing literature internally", and his contributions to the development of history are indelible. ①

[Companion Reading] ①On the stage of opera, Cao Cao is often portrayed as a white-faced traitor, a sinister, cruel, cunning, and vicious figure. Everyone should open their eyes and screen carefully.

As a military strategist, he commanded the Battle of Guandu, a famous example of the weak defeating the strong in Chinese history. He is the author of books such as "A Brief Interpretation of Sun Tzu" and "The Essentials of Military Art".

As a writer, Cao Cao was good at music and poetry. Even when he was working hard on his horse, he would often compose poems and write propositions along with the chapters. His poems are rich in content and vigorous and sad in style. There are "Hao Li Xing", which reflects the war and the suffering of people's livelihood, "Dan Ge Xing", which reflects personal political ambitions, "Guan Cang Hai", which depicts the scenery, and "Guanshuo Shou", which is lyrical. ②

With his open-minded mind, he recruited many famous literati at that time to gather in Ye, and sang together publicly to form a literary group. Cao Cao's own literary line and writing attitude played a more specific leadership and advocacy role for other literati, promoting the prosperity of Jian'an literature.

[Companion Reading] ②His poetry and prose are majestic, generous and sad. Yu Qiuyu commented that Zhuge Liang's articles are about the feelings of a monarch and his subjects, while Cao Cao's poems are about the universe and life, and the patterns are different. Indeed.

2. Know the background

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao led his army south and lined up along the Yangtze River, hoping to wipe out the forces of Sun and Liu in one fell swoop. On the night of November 15th this winter, with a bright moon in the sky and calm waves on the river, Cao Cao took a boat to inspect the water village. Afterwards, he held a banquet to entertain the generals. After drinking until midnight, he suddenly heard the sound of crows flying south. Cao Cao felt this scene and sang this eternal masterpiece - "Dan Ge Xing" while holding his palm. This poem expresses Cao Cao's ambition to recruit talents and complete the great cause of unifying the world. "The Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to its heart" is a clear proof. ③

[Companion Reading] ③This poem is the purpose of the "Great Wind Song" written by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty to reflect on the warriors.

3. Mingwen style

Song style

"Dan Ge Xing" is an old title of Yuefu. It is named because of its short tone. It is mostly music sung at banquets.

OK, it is a genre of Yuefu songs. There are many Yuefu poems after the Han and Wei Dynasties titled "Song" and "Xing". Although the two have different names, there is actually no strict distinction between them. Later, there was the integration of "singing and walking". Its syllables and meter are generally relatively free, and its form adopts the ancient style of five-character, seven-character, and mixed-character, and is full of changes. ④

[Accompanying Reading] ④Can you also cite poems in the style of songs?

4. Expand knowledge

Jian'an style

Jian'an style refers to the handsome and vigorous style of poetry by the Cao family and his son, the Seven Sons of Jian'an and others during the Han and Wei dynasties. The literary giants "Three Cao" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) and "Seven Sons" (Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Qian, Ruan Xi, Ying Xi, Liu Zhen) during the Jian'an period in the late Han Dynasty inherited the reality of Han Yuefu folk songs. It is a traditional Chinese poem that generally adopts the five-character form. It is famous for its strong character and generous and sad masculinity, forming a unique style of "Jian'an character" in the history of literature, which is respected as a model by future generations. ⑤ "Character" is an important concept in the history of Chinese literary criticism. From the Southern Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, it has been the main criterion for literary criticism.

[Companion Reading] ⑤The poetry of the Tang Dynasty in the Wei and Jin Dynasties is two of the most colorful works in the history of Chinese literature.

*Guiyuan Tianju (Part 1)

1. Know the author

The reclusive pastoral poet——Tao Yuanming

Tao Yuanming (365-427), a Qian with the courtesy name Yuanliang, was known as Mr. Jingjie. Writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang. At the age of twenty-nine, he began to serve as an official, serving as a wine worshiper in Jiangzhou, and soon returned to seclusion. Later, he successively served as minor officials such as Zhenjun Joining the Army and Jianwei Joining the Army, leading a life of inactivity and officialdom. At the age of forty-one, he came out as Peng Zeling again. After more than eighty days, he abandoned his post and retired to the countryside. ⑩After his death, his friends privately named him "Jingjie", so later generations called him "Tao Jingjie"; because he was the magistrate of Pengze County, later generations also called him "Tao Pengze".

Tao Yuanming was the most accomplished poet of this period. His appearance not only became a symbol of the spirit of Chinese literati, but also set a milestone in the history of the development of classical poetry. The pastoral poetry and "plain and natural" poetry style he created raised the art of poetry to the highest level. A state of beauty that marks the height that classical poetry can reach since the Han and Wei dynasties.

[Companion Reading] ⑩See "Book of Jin·Biography of Tao Qian". When the county governor arrived, the county official Bai Ying tied his belt and saw him. Qian sighed and said, "I can't bend my waist for five buckets of rice. My fists and fists will cause evil in the village!"

Part 2: Construction and exploration of task groups

text construction

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Summary of main themes

The poet chanted the sorrows and tragedies of life with touching sincerity and generous and sad emotions, revealing his deep sentimentality about the short life. However, the poet did not get stuck in a depressed mood and could not extricate himself. Instead, he expressed his enthusiasm for the great cause of unifying the world. He achieved transcendence in his pursuit and expressed his ambition to recruit talents and make achievements.

*Guiyuan Tianju (Part 1)

Summary of main themes

"Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields (Part 1)" mainly describes the poet's free life and happy mood after getting rid of the dirty officialdom and coming to the fresh countryside. It expresses the poet's eagerness for freedom, his desire to get rid of the shackles of officialdom, his eagerness to return to nature, and his indifference to tranquility. love of pastoral life.

Task exploration

Task 1: The collision between being born in the world and joining the world - appreciating the thoughts and feelings of poetry

Mission guidance

Birth and entry into the world, Jianghu and Wei Que have always been contradictory but complementary issues. In the final analysis, being born in the world and joining the world are just two different ways of life. In the troubled times of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and Tao Yuanming, two people with completely different identities and status, both conveyed their inner voices through poetry. By interpreting these two poems, we can gain a deeper understanding of these two different attitudes towards life.

Part Three: Task Design

1. "How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang", what did Cao Cao "worry" about? Do you really want to drink away your sorrows? "Stay humble and return to the garden." What does "clumsy" mean? Why did Tao Yuanming "keep himself humble"?

Answer: "How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang" is the generous sigh of a politician in troubled times who longs to recruit talents, make achievements, and unify the world. On the surface, he wanted to drink away his sorrows and indulge in a wild life, but in fact it showed the depressed mentality of an ambitious politician who deeply felt that life was short and talented people were hard to find. "Shou Zhuo returns to the garden", "Zhuo" means sincerity, which contains the original and authentic meaning. It is opposite to the secular "qiao". Tao Yuanming wants to "shou Zhuo", which means he emphasizes that he will not follow the trend of the world and stick to his own. Pure nature.

2. Cao Cao wanted to "brighten the moon" and Tao Yuanming emphasized "returning to nature". What kind of thoughts and emotions did each express?

Answer: "Brightening the moon" expresses Cao Cao's melancholy of longing for talents but not finding them. "Mingming is like the moon" reveals his admiration for talents. In the poet's heart, talents are like the hanging moon, shining brightly in the sky. The bright moon is out of reach, which means that talents are rare, and it also reflects the poet's eagerness to obtain talents. "Return to nature", "nature" is not only the natural environment, but also a life that conforms to nature without distortion. It corresponds to the "hills and mountains" at the beginning of the chapter and is the topic. It shows that the poet's yearning for the countryside comes from "qualitative nature" "Natural" attitude towards life.

3. (Extension) Please write a letter to Cao Cao or Tao Yuanming to persuade them to change their original views on being born or joining the world.

Answer: (Example) Brother Tao: I have admired your name for a long time. It is really a joy in life to interact with you! I was once shocked by your aloofness, not bowing down for five buckets of rice. After reading your masterpiece, I deeply envy you for your leisurely "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and leisurely seeing the southern mountains". Your masterpieces all express your dissatisfaction with real life and your yearning for pastoral life and seclusion.

You are a hermit, like a chrysanthemum, independent from the world, noble and elegant, and elegant; but what benefit does this have to the world? Why not be like a chrysanthemum, not afraid of the severe cold, wind and frost, and fight against the filthy society?

I hope Brother Tao that you can face reality bravely and become a unique chrysanthemum in troubled times.

However, everyone has their own ambitions. As long as you think that what you do does not violate your own principles, you will have no regrets in life.

Cao Cao paused

Part 4: Task Group Reading and Practice

The following three poems all reflect the author's attitude towards life. Please read and complete the following learning tasks.

Material one

Although the turtle lives long [Note]

Cao Cao

Although the turtle has a long life, it still has its time. �The snake rides on the mist and ends up in ashes.

The old man is still ambitious, but his ambition is to reach a thousand miles; the martyr is still ambitious in his old age.

The period of profit and shrinkage is not only in heaven; the blessing of nourishing happiness can lead to eternal life.

Fortunately! Sing to express your ambition.

[Note] This poem was written when Cao Cao was 53 years old.

Material two

Tell your heartfelt feelings ①

Lu You

At that time, I traveled thousands of miles to find a feudal lord and garrisoned Liangzhou on horseback. Where the Guanhe dream ends, the old mink fur is dark in the dust. The Hu is not gone yet, the hair on the temples is beginning to fall, and the tears are empty. Who would have expected this body, my heart is in Tianshan, and my body is in Lao Cangzhou②.

【Notes】 ① This word was written by the author after he lived in seclusion in the countryside of Shanyin in his later years. ②Cangzhou, a place where ancient people lived in seclusion.

Material three

Shuangtiao·Yan'er failed to win the victory order·Retire into seclusion

Wang Yuanheng

There are no delusions in leisure, and there are many situations in silence. The mantis stalks the cicada, and the snake swallows the elephant. Straightforward determination, determined conduct and hiding, bending the index of rise and fall. The lakes and seas are vast, and the mountains and forests are interesting. The wine cup is filled with pine and flower wine at night. Xuan window, the autumn wind is fragrant with osmanthus.

1. What thoughts and feelings are expressed in the three poems?

The first answer material reflects the poet's positive and enterprising attitude towards life, expressing a determination to live and fight endlessly and an unending ambition; the second material expresses the author's grief and indignation that his ambition has not been fulfilled and he has no way to serve the country; the material two The third criticizes the filth of the world and praises the tranquility and leisure of seclusion.

2. Read three poems and try to analyze the reasons for expressing emotions.

The answer: Cao Cao had lofty political ambitions. Even in his old age, he still had ambitions and ambitions; Lu You was a patriotic poet who dedicated his life to his country and had great ambitions. He had no way to serve his country, and ended up caring about the front line. Wang Yuanheng lives in an era of bullying and greed, and his upright character determines his behavior. He is broad-minded, longs for seclusion and consciously retreats to seclusion.

3. What do you think of their attitude towards life? Please give your opinion.

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