"Cultural Revolution" Exploration of the Socialist Road PPT Courseware 3

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"Cultural Revolution" Exploration of the Socialist Road PPT Courseware 3

The launch of the "Cultural Revolution"

1. Time: 1966---1976

2. Headquarters: Central Cultural Revolution Group

Causes of the Cultural Revolution

1. Fundamental cause: serious development of “Left” errors

2. Specific reasons:

a Make wrong judgments about the party, the country, and the international situation.

b Used by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four

c The phenomenon of personality cult that existed in the country’s political life at that time.

In May 1966, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee passed the "May 16th Notice", marking the full launch of the "Cultural Revolution"

On August 18, 1966, Mao Zedong wore a Red Guard armband and inspected the Red Guards for the first time at the Tiananmen Gate in Beijing. From then on, the Red Guard organization became popular all over the country.

In the name of "breaking the four olds", the Red Guards changed road names everywhere, burned books, destroyed cultural relics, ransacked homes and insulted people, and attacked party and government agencies. Dongjiaomin Lane, a street where foreign embassies in Beijing gathered, was once renamed "Anti-Imperial Road".

It accused "certain leading comrades from the central to local governments" of "standing on a reactionary bourgeois standpoint, implementing bourgeois dictatorship and suppressing the vigorous Cultural Revolution movement of the proletariat" and called for "bombing the headquarters." The picture shows a large-character poster showing support for Mao Zedong during a mass demonstration.

The downfall of Lin Biao Group and the "Gang of Four"

The Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has always been filled with ultra-leftist views and fanatical personality worship. The conference adopted the political report made by Lin Biao. He mainly advocated and elaborated on the so-called "theory of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat" and used this theory to make a theoretical argument for the "Cultural Revolution", which further legitimized the erroneous theory and practice of the "Cultural Revolution".

Why did Lin Biao still want to seize power?

1. Uneasiness. The Gang of Four’s struggle for power

2. Anxious. I am not in good health and cannot delay Mao Zedong.

3. Nervous. If your status is determined by Mao Zedong, it may also be abolished by Mao Zedong.

The formation of the "Gang of Four" counterrevolutionary group

The Gang of Four is the name of a political group formed during the Cultural Revolution, formed after the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Its members are Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen. Jiang Qing is Mao Zedong's wife. Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen were all promoted by Mao Zedong from Shanghai to the Central Committee and entrusted with important tasks.

The meaning of the “April 5th Movement”

It laid the mass foundation for later crushing the "Gang of Four"

The "Gang of Four" was crushed

Marked the end of the ten-year "Cultural Revolution"

Class summary

The launch of the "Cultural Revolution"

1. Mao Zedong mistakenly launched the "Cultural Revolution"

2. The country fell into chaos

3. President Liu Shaoqi was persecuted to death

major achievements in socialist construction

1. Lin Biao and his gang conspired to seize power

2. "September 13" Incident

3. The formation of the "Gang of Four"

4. The “Fourth Five-Year Plan” movement

5. Chairman Mao’s death and the “Gang of Four” intensified their seizure of power

6. Smash the "Gang of Four"

Serious shortcomings of the economic and political system

1. The "Cultural Revolution" seriously affected the national economy

2. The national economy still made some progress during the "Cultural Revolution" period

Learning assessment

1. The "ten years" of the "Cultural Revolution" refers to ( ).

A.1949-1959 B.1953-1963

C.1956-1966 D.1966-1976

2. The beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" is marked by ( ).

A. Publication of "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office"

B. Publication of "Bombarding the Headquarters—My Big-Character Poster"

C. Publication of "Review of the New Historical Drama "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office""

D. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a notice to launch the "Cultural Revolution" (i.e., the "May 16 Notice")

3. List the crimes committed by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Group during the "Cultural Revolution".

Answer: The crimes of Lin Biao Group: creating a personality cult for Mao Zedong; cracking down and persecuting veteran cadres; plotting to launch a counter-revolutionary coup to usurp the party and seize power, and then treason against the country and the party after failure.

Jiang Qing’s group’s crimes: cracking down and persecuting leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping; suppressing the April 5th Movement; and conspiring to usurp the party and seize power.

5. Serious consequences and profound lessons of the “Cultural Revolution”

1. The serious consequences of ten years of civil strife

First, ideologically, it confuses right and wrong, causing unprecedented ideological confusion and a serious weakening of belief in Marxism.

Second, politically, it confuses the enemy and ourselves, damages state machinery, and undermines socialist democracy and the rule of law.

Third, in terms of organization, party organizations at all levels have been generally impacted, and the party’s organizational principles and disciplines have been destroyed.

Fourth, economically, "taking class struggle as the key link" seriously violated objective economic laws and caused great damage to the national economy.

Fifth, in terms of culture, our country's scientific and cultural undertakings have been severely damaged.

2. Profound lessons from ten years of civil strife

First, a clear understanding of national conditions is the key to the success or failure of the socialist cause.

Second, building socialism must focus on economic construction and must not take class struggle as the key link.

Third, we must adhere to the principles of democratic centralism and collective leadership and oppose any form of personality worship.

Fourth, socialist democracy and the legal system must be improved and developed, and "rebellion is justified" and "lawlessness" should never be advocated.

Fifth, we must improve the Marxist theoretical level of the entire party.

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

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