"Consolidation and Development of a Unified Multi-ethnic Country" PPT

"Consolidation and Development of a Unified Multi-ethnic Country" PPT

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Understand the basic historical facts of the Qing Dynasty’s rule over the country.

2. Understand the basic situation of Zheng Chenggong's recovery of Taiwan and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan.

3. Understand the basic historical facts of the Qing Dynasty’s strengthening of its management of Tibet.

4. Understand the general situation of the territory of the Qing Dynasty.

PPT on the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, part 2: new lesson exploration

Research point: Qing Dynasty’s rule over the country

The Qing army's entry into the Pass, also known as the Entry War, refers to the 1644 AD (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty). The army of the Qing Dynasty, led by the Ming Dynasty general Wu Sangui, was a minority regime dominated by Manchus in Northeast China. Entering Shanhaiguan and capturing the capital (today's Beijing, China) began to become a historical event for the central government that ruled China.

Broadly speaking, it refers to a series of wars from north to south to unify China after the Qing army entered the Pass in 1644 to suppress the peasant army and eliminate the Southern Ming regime and other Han resistance forces. It marked the beginning of the Qing Dynasty's rule over all of China.

The rule of the Qing Dynasty: After the rulers of the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing, they made Beijing their capital. The Qing army then went south and eliminated the remnants of the Ming Dynasty regime and the anti-Qing forces in various places. In order to strengthen governance, political centralization was further strengthened; ideologically and culturally, Confucianism was respected.

Research point: Taiwan’s return and national reunification

(1) Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan

1.Background

In 1622, Dutch invaders invaded Taiwan and were resisted by local residents.

2.Overview

On the first day of April in the fifteenth year of Yongli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1661), Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 troops from Liaoluo Bay, Kinmen, crossed eastward and marched into Taiwan.

Entering the deer's ear, the lower part is embedded in red, receiving deep support from the people, marching straight in, invincible

On February 1, 1662, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan and accepted the surrender of the Dutch colonists.

On the Chihkan Tower in Taiwan, Zheng Chenggong accepted the surrender

3. Influence

(1) Taiwan, which had been occupied by the Dutch invaders for 38 years, has returned to the embrace of the motherland.

(2) Zheng Chenggong is a national hero in the history of our country.

(2) Kangxi established Taiwan Prefecture

In 1683, the Qing army entered Taiwan, and Zheng Chenggong's descendants submitted to the Qing Dynasty. In 1684, the Qing government established Taiwan Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province and achieved unification. The establishment of the Taiwan Government has strengthened Taiwan's connection with the mainland of the motherland and consolidated the motherland's southeastern coastal defense. Taiwan's social and economic development has also entered a new historical period.

Research point: Strengthening the rule of Tibet

1.The importance of Tibet

The Tibet Autonomous Region is located in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between 26°50′ and 36°53′ north latitude and 78°25′ and 99°06′ east longitude, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters. It is known as the “Roof of the World”. The region covers an area of ​​1.20223 million square kilometers, accounting for approximately 1/8 of the country's total area, second only to Xinjiang among all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in the country. At the end of 2014, the permanent population was approximately 3.1755 million.

(1) The area is vast.

(2) Rich in resources.

(3) The strategic location is important.

2. Measures

From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the relationship between Tibet and the central government

(1) In the Tang Dynasty, Tibet was called Tubo. Princess Wencheng married Songtsen Gampo; Princess Jincheng married Chidai Zhudan. Tang and Tibet formed an alliance and the contract was to become one family.

(2) The Xuanzheng Yuan was established during the Yuan Dynasty, and Tibet officially became an administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty.

(3) During the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi conferred the title of "Dalai Lama" on the fifth Dalai Lama. Kangxi gave the fifth Panchen the title "Panchen Erdeni". In 1727, the minister of residence in Tibet was established, and in 1793, the system of drawing lots from the golden urn was established.

Research point: Consolidating the northwest frontier

(1) Put down the Galdan rebellion

Kangxi led his troops to conquer Galdan three times, quelling the rebellion and stabilizing the northwest border areas.

(2) Putting down the rebellions of Hezhuo and Xiaohe

In 1757, Hezhuo, the great and small, lured and killed the generals of the Qing Dynasty. Hezhuo, the young and old, proclaimed himself Batur Khan and launched a rebellion. In 1758, Emperor Qianlong sent Qing troops into southern Xinjiang to quell the rebellion. At first, the Qing army had a bad start. However, due to the cruel oppression of the Uyghur people by the large and small Hezhuo, the military wages and corvee were booming, the supply was delayed, the family was ruined, and the people fled (defeated and fled), and they used their income to do it, and the people's wealth was exhausted. "The people couldn't bear the suffering and fled one after another. Xiao Hezhuo personally slaughtered the fleeing soldiers and could not stop it. With the support of the people of southern Xinjiang, the Qing army finally crushed this rebellion and reunified the Xinjiang region.

PPT on the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country, part three: on-site training

1. The Qing government established the Taiwan Government, and its functions did not include ( )

A. Return Taiwan to the embrace of the motherland

B． Strengthened ties between Taiwan and the mainland of the motherland

C. Consolidated the coastal defense of the motherland

D. Promote the development of Taiwan

2. The person who jointly managed Tibetan affairs with the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama on behalf of the central government of the Qing Dynasty was ( )

A. General Shengjing

B． General Yili

C. General Ulyasutai

D. Minister in Tibet

3. The nobles of the Hui tribe, big and small, and the Zhuo brothers belong to ( )

A. Uighur

B． Hui

C. Mongolian

D. Khitan

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"Consolidation and Development of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country" PPT courseware:

The first part of the PPT courseware "Consolidation and Development of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State": The Qing Dynasty's ruling measures over the country Political system: further strengthening centralization of power and maintaining political unity Ideology and culture: continuing to admire Confucianism and inheriting the cultural traditions of past dynasties... ...