"Conservation of Mass in Chemical Reactions" Quantitative Study of Chemical Reactions PPT Courseware

Description

"Conservation of Mass in Chemical Reactions" PPT courseware on quantitative research on chemical reactions, 28 pages in total.

new knowledge learning

Knowledge point 1: Explore whether the mass of substances changes before and after chemical reactions

First, we must determine a chemical reaction that occurs at ________ as the research object; secondly, we must consider how to measure the substances before and after the reaction; at the same time, we must also consider how to make the reaction occur, where it occurs, and which ______, drugs, etc. are needed.

1. Identify a chemical reaction as the research object

You can choose from the following reactions, but you can also choose other reactions you are familiar with.

(1) Hydrochloric acid reacts with marble (the main component is __________) (fill in the chemical formula, the same below) to generate carbon dioxide, water and calcium chloride (______).

(2) Sodium hydroxide (________) solution and copper sulfate (______) solution react to produce sodium sulfate (________) and copper hydroxide (________).

(3) White phosphorus burns in the air to form phosphorus pentoxide (_______).

2. Determine the experimental procedures and conduct the experiment

[Explanation] The reasons for the imbalance of the balance before and after the reaction are: ① Some reactants or products are in different states, and their mass is not included in the calculation, such as the mass of the gas participating in the reaction or generated by the reaction; ② The air tightness of the reaction device is not good, which allows some substances to enter or escape, causing quality changes before and after the reaction.

3. Experimental conclusion

The sum of the masses of the substances participating in the reaction ________ the sum of the masses of the products.

Interactive exploration

Exploration Point 1 Law of Conservation of Mass

[Problem Exploration] Can we obtain correct experimental conclusions by using the above devices to conduct research?

[Inductive Improvement] When conducting experiments to explore the law of conservation of mass, firstly, we must pay attention to the selected substances that can undergo chemical changes; secondly, we must pay attention to whether substances in the air participate in the reaction or whether any products escape into the air. If this is the case, it must be done in a closed container. Carbon dioxide is generated when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate. The combustion of white phosphorus is the reaction between white phosphorus and oxygen in the air. Both reaction devices need to be sealed; the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulfate solution produces copper hydroxide precipitate and sodium sulfate. The device does not need to be sealed. The balloon in device C acts as a buffer to prevent the rubber stopper from popping out.

[Core Applications]

Core 1: Research on the law of conservation of mass

Example 1: A student used the experimental device shown in Figure 5-1-1 to explore the law of conservation of mass. Please answer:

[Method Instructions] When conducting experiments to explore the law of conservation of mass, firstly, we must pay attention to the fact that the selected substances must be able to undergo chemical changes; secondly, we must pay attention to whether there are substances in the air participating in the reaction or whether any products escape into the air. If so, In this case, it must be done in a closed container.

Knowledge Point 2 Law of Conservation of Mass

1. Content: The sum of the masses of _________ that participate in the chemical reaction and the sum of the masses of the _________ produced after the reaction.

[Note](1) The law of conservation of mass only applies to chemical changes; it is emphasized that conservation of mass is not suitable for conservation of volume. (2) "The mass of each substance participating in the reaction" refers to the mass of the reactants that "actually participate in the chemical reaction".

2. The essence of the law of conservation of mass

The process of chemical reaction is the process of atomic _______________. There are five "unchanged", two "changed" and two "possible changes" before and after the reaction.

3. Application of the law of conservation of mass

(1) Infer the composition of matter

Basis: The types of elements remain unchanged before and after chemical reactions.

(2) Infer the chemical formula, stoichiometric numbers and ratios of unknown substances

Basis: The types and numbers of atoms remain unchanged before and after a chemical reaction.

(3) Calculate the mass or mass ratio of a substance in the reactant

Basis: Before and after a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants and products remains unchanged.

Class feedback

Knowledge point 1: Research on the law of conservation of mass

Knowledge point 2: The essence of mass conservation

2. A certain chemical reaction can be expressed as: carbon dioxide + water → M + oxygen. Based on the above information, the correct statement about the composition of M below is ()

A. It must contain C and H elements, and may contain O elements.

B. Contains only C and H elements

C． Contains three elements: C, H, and O

D． unconfirmed

Keywords: Free download of Chemistry PPT courseware for the first volume of the ninth grade of the Lujiao Education Edition, PPT download of conservation of mass in chemical reactions, PPT download of quantitative research on chemical reactions, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-09-02

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