"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West Civilizations and Their Exchanges PPT Courseware 2

"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West Civilizations and Their Exchanges PPT Courseware 2

1. The Greco-Persian War

The Persian Empire was in the southwest of today's Iranian plateau and was the hometown of the ancient Persians. In the 6th century BC, the Medes, an ancient West Asian power, ruled this area. In the middle of the 6th century BC, the Persians, led by their leader Cyrus, launched an uprising. Finally, the Persians defeated the Medes, captured the Medes' capital Ecmathana in 550 BC, captured the Mede king, and established the Achaemenid dynasty. After that, the Persians continued to expand outward. After more than ten years of continuous war, they conquered vast areas including Armenia and Lydia, and also controlled many Greek cities along the coast of Asia Minor. Probably in 539 or 538 BC, Cyrus' army destroyed the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom and entered the city of Babylon. After Cyrus ruled Babylon, he relaxed his rule over the Jews and allowed the Jews to return to their homeland, allowing them to rebuild Jerusalem and its temple. In this way, the Persian Empire was established.

marathon battle

490 BC (Second Greco-Persian War)

Marathon Plains

Greece vs Persia

Use less to defeat more, use weak to defeat strong

Greco-Persian War

Background: The expansion of the Persian Empire

Time: 492-449 BC

After: Three expeditions to Greece, known as the Greco-Persian War in history

Battle examples: Battle of Marathon, Battle of Salamis

Result: Greek victory

Impact: Athens became the dominant force in the Mediterranean

2. Alexander’s Eastern Expeditions

Background: Macedonian power

King Alexander

Alexander (reigned 336 BC - 323 BC), King of Macedonia, son of Philip III. At that time, Aristotle, the "most learned man" in Greece, was his tutor. He learned philosophy, medicine, science and other aspects of knowledge from the teacher. He was influenced by Greek culture since childhood and especially loved reading "Homer's Epic". 》. Since the age of 16, he has been fighting with his father and marching south. At the age of 18, he commanded the right wing of the Macedonian army and defeated the Greek coalition. At the age of 20, he organized the eastern invasion as the supreme commander of the Macedonian and Greek coalition forces. It is said that during the expedition, he ordered everyone to "treat the world as their homeland."

Alexander's Eastern Expeditions

Background: Macedonian power

Time: 334 BC

Purpose: To seize the land and wealth of the East

Passing through: Asia Minor—Egypt—Mesopotamia—India

Result: An empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa

Influence:

1. Positive impact: Make Greek civilization widely spread and promote further exchanges and integration of Eastern and Western civilizations. History enters the Hellenistic era.

2. Negative impact: Brutal massacre of residents, robbery of property, destruction of cities, bringing serious disasters to people of all ethnic groups in the East.

evaluate

During the battle, Alexander correctly chose the strategic direction, rationally used Macedonian phalanx tactics, was good at organizing infantry and cavalry, army and navy to coordinate operations, and used both military and political means. He left a glorious page in the history of world military academics. Alexander's Eastern Expeditions caused serious disasters to the local people, but objectively it also promoted economic and cultural exchanges between Greece and Asian and African countries, which had a profound impact on history.

3. Marco Polo’s visit to China

A.Background

(1) The Mongol Empire has been established

(2) East-West land transportation is greatly opened

(3) The Yuan Dynasty had strong national power, convenient transportation, and open foreign policies.

Marco Polo, Italian traveler. At the age of 17, he went to China with his father. In China, he was appreciated by Kublai Khan and served the Great Khan. Its main responsibilities are to inspect various places. He returned to China by sea 17 years later and left behind the eternal masterpiece "The Travels of Marco Polo", which is praised by the world.

B. "The Travels of Marco Polo"

(1) Content

The book introduces the social situation of China in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty and the prosperity of Yuan Dadu, Hangzhou and other cities.

(2) Evaluation

It is the first book to introduce China to the West. It not only made Westerners know about China, but also enriched people's geographical knowledge at that time, had a significant impact on the subsequent opening of new shipping routes, and promoted the exchanges between Eastern and Western civilizations.

4. The invention and spread of Arabic numerals

Chinese: one (one), two (two), three (three), four (four), five (five), six (lu), seven (seven), eight (eight), nine (nine), ten (shi) )

Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

English: One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten

Arabic numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0

List the historical facts of peaceful exchanges we have studied.

Arabic numerals spread to the west, Zheng He's voyages to the West, Jianzhen's voyage to the east, Xuanzang's journey to the west, Marco Polo's visit to China, etc.

In the new era of reform and opening up, how do you plan to be an ambassador for international exchanges?

We must have a sense of openness, international awareness, exchange and cooperation; insist on opening up and exchanges with the outside world, spread China's traditional culture and modern civilization to all parts of the world, and be good at learning the advanced achievements of other countries and regions.

practise

1. In the 4th century BC, it became a great empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa.

A. Ancient Egypt B. Alexander’s empire

C. Western Roman Empire D. Arab Empire

2. When did the Roman Empire reach its greatest extent?

A. 2nd century BC B. 1st century BC

C. 1st century AD D. 2nd century AD

3. When the Greco-Persian War occurred, which historical period was our country in?

A. Warring States Period B. Qin Dynasty

C. Sui Dynasty D. Song Dynasty

4． The impact of Alexander's eastward invasion was:

① Brought huge damage and disaster to the invaded areas

② Spread Greek culture to the East

③ Promote the exchange of Eastern and Western cultures

④ Spread the Latin alphabet to all parts of the world

A.①②③④ B.①②③

C.②③④ D.①③④

1. In the early 5th century BC, the Persian Empire went to Greece and provoked the Greco-Persian War (Battle of Marathon).

2. In 334 BC, King Alexander of the Kingdom of Macedonia went on an eastern expedition and established a large empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa. The capital was Babylon. The Eastern Expedition promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

3. Italian traveler Marco Polo came to China during the Yuan Dynasty and wrote "The Travels of Marco Polo". The book expanded Europeans' horizons and was one of the reasons for the opening of new shipping routes.

4. Ancient Indians invented 10 numerical symbols (Arabic numerals) including 0-9 and a general counting method.

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"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West Civilizations and Their Exchanges PPT Courseware 3:

"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West Civilizations and Their Exchanges PPT Courseware 3 Introduction In the early stages of development of human society, river civilizations and ocean civilizations were formed, which are what people usually call Eastern and Western civilizations. These are two completely different things. different civilizations. So,..

"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West civilizations and their exchanges PPT courseware:

"Conflicts and Exchanges between the East and the West in Ancient Times" Ancient East-West Civilizations and Exchanges PPT Courseware Learning Objectives: Be able to tell the basic historical facts of the Greco-Persian War. Can tell the process of Alexander's Eastern Expedition. Can tell the basic history of Marco Polo’s arrival in China and the invention and spread of Arabic numerals..