"Conductive Properties of Different Materials" Simple Circuit PPT Courseware 3

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"Conductive Properties of Different Materials" Simple Circuit PPT Courseware 3

Experimental exploration 1 - Conductive properties of different materials

Given iron wire, plastic, copper wire, carbon rods, rubber, dry wooden sticks and other items, which materials easily conduct electricity? Which substances do not conduct electricity easily? How do you identify it?

In addition to testing substances, what equipment is needed?

Power supplies, wires, switches, ammeters, light bulbs, etc.

Small light bulb detection method, ammeter detection method

Experimental results:

Connect _______, ________ and ________ to a circuit and there will be current in the circuit. Showing that these objects easily conduct electricity, we call them conductors.

When _______, ________, and ________ are connected to a circuit, there will be no current in the circuit.

Showing that these objects do not conduct electricity easily, we call them insulators.

conductor

1. Conductor: Objects that easily conduct electricity are called conductors

For example: metal, graphite, human body, earth

Aqueous solutions of acids, bases and salts

2. Insulator: Objects that do not conduct electricity easily are called insulators

For example: rubber, glass, ceramics, plastic, oil

3． Semiconductor: A type of material whose conductivity is between that of a conductor and an insulator is called a semiconductor.

Common semiconductor materials are germanium, silicon, and gallium arsenide, which are mainly used in the electronics industry

4. Reasons why conductors conduct electricity easily:

There are a large number of charges that can move freely in a conductor.

In an insulator, most of the charges are bound within the scope of atoms and cannot move freely. There are very few free charges, so it is not easy to conduct electricity.

5. There is no absolute boundary between conductors and insulators, and objects that are not easily conductive under normal circumstances may become conductive when conditions change.

For example: Glass is normally a pretty good insulator, but if you heat glass so that it reaches a red-hot state, it becomes a conductor.

Typical examples

Example: Under normal circumstances, which of the following objects is a conductor ( )

A. glass rod b. Bicycle tire

C. Plastic rope D. copper wire

analyze

1. Bicycle tires are rubber products. Glass, plastic, and rubber are all insulators, and only copper is a conductor. Why do we need to add the usual conditions to this question? Because there is no absolute boundary between a conductor and an insulator, the glass becomes insulated when it is heated to fairly high temperatures.

2. Why are the wires in household circuits wrapped in plastic or rubber?

－In order to prevent wire corrosion and electric shock accidents

3. What is the reason why pure water does not conduct electricity but ordinary water conducts electricity?

- Ordinary water contains a large number of other substances dissolved in it

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Update Time: 2024-09-05

This template belongs to Physics courseware Beijing Normal University Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1 industry PPT template

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