"Composition and Vertical Stratification of the Atmosphere" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT Courseware

"Composition and Vertical Stratification of the Atmosphere" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT Courseware

Part One: Basic Overview

1. Composition of the atmosphere

1. composition

(1)Dry air

Main ingredients: __________ (78%), oxygen (21%).

Minor components: argon, __________, methane and ozone, etc.

(2) Solid impurities.

(3) Water vapor: The content changes with time and location.

2. The role of the main constituent substances

(1)N2: A component of proteins and many complex chemicals in living organisms.

(2)O2: It is an essential substance for many biological life activities.

(3)CO2: An important raw material for photosynthesis of plants. It is an important greenhouse gas and has a __________ effect on the ground.

(4)O3: Absorbs __________ in solar radiation and protects organisms on the earth from ultraviolet damage.

(5) Water vapor: an important factor affecting weather changes.

(6) Due to natural and man-made reasons, many new components have been added to the atmosphere, mainly including __________ and __________.

2. Vertical stratification of the atmosphere

1. Based on: the physical properties of the atmosphere in the vertical direction and __________.

2. layered

3. Relationship with humans

A layer: The closest relationship with human beings and the place where many weather phenomena occur.

Layer B: Atmosphere __________, the weather is clear, conducive to aviation flight

C layer: The ionosphere can reflect __________

The composition and vertical stratification of the atmosphere PPT, part 2: independent testing

1. Judgment questions

1. Oxygen makes up 78% of the atmosphere. ()

2. Carbon dioxide has a thermal insulation effect on the atmosphere. ()

3. The ozone layer is in the troposphere. ()

4． The aircraft can fly stably in the troposphere. ()

5. Stratospheric atmospheric heat comes from the ground. ()

6． Artificial satellites and rockets mainly operate in the stratosphere. ()

2. Multiple choice questions

7． The atmospheric component that can absorb ultraviolet rays is ()

A. N2B. O2

C． CO2 D. O3

8. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The lower atmosphere is composed of dry air, water vapor and solid impurities

B． CO2 only has a thermal insulation effect

C． Ozone can absorb a lot of infrared rays

D． Water vapor and solid impurities are sufficient conditions for cloud formation and rain

9. Known as the "Umbrella for Life on Earth" is ()

A. carbon dioxide b. ozone

C． Oxygen D. water vapor

The composition of the atmosphere and vertical layering PPT, the third part: teacher-student interaction

composition of the atmosphere

[Scenario introduction temptation]

Read the material and explore the following questions.

According to statistics from the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center, in late February 2018, the ice area of ​​the Arctic Ocean dropped to its lowest point on record, about 1 million square kilometers less than normal, which is equivalent to reducing the area of ​​​​Egypt. Some scientists believe that people may be underestimating global warming.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that for every 1% depletion of total ozone, ground-level ultraviolet rays will increase by 1.5% to 2%. They predict that if there are no restrictions on the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons, the total amount of ozone on the earth will be reduced by 25% by 2075 compared with 1985.

(1) Global climate warming is related to which main component in the atmosphere?

(2) What is the function of ozone?

(3) What effective measures can you propose to address the above problems?

Tips: (1)CO2.

(2) Ozone can absorb a large amount of solar ultraviolet rays and protect living things on the earth from ultraviolet damage.

(3) Reduce the use of fossil energy; protect forests; plant trees; develop new refrigeration equipment and control the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons.

[Point tracking training]

Among the constituent materials of the lower atmosphere ()

A. N2 and O3 absorb solar ultraviolet rays

B． CO2 only absorbs infrared rays from solar radiation

C． Water vapor and solid impurities can form clouds and cause rain

D． O2 and N2 provide plant respiration

vertical stratification of the atmosphere

[Scenario introduction temptation]

Read the following materials and pictures and explore the following questions.

A plane flies from Beijing to the North Pole at an altitude of 10,000 meters, and the altitude remains consistent along the way.

(1) Over Beijing, which layer of the atmosphere is the plane flying in? What are the characteristics of the temperature distribution in this layer? what is the reason?

(2) When the plane reaches the North Pole, which layer of the atmosphere is the plane flying in? What are the characteristics of the temperature distribution in this layer? what is the reason?

(3) Why do airplanes operate in different atmospheres over Beijing and over the North Pole?

Tips: (1) Troposphere. The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude because the ground is a direct source of heat for the atmosphere near the surface.

(2) Stratosphere. The temperature in the stratosphere rises rapidly with height because the temperature in this layer is basically not affected by the ground. The heat does not come from the ground, but mainly comes from the absorption of solar ultraviolet rays by ozone.

(3) The thickness of the troposphere becomes thinner with increasing latitude. In low latitudes, the temperature is high and air convection is strong, so the thickness is large; in high latitudes, the temperature is low and convection is weak, so the thickness is thin.

The composition and vertical layering of atmosphere PPT, the fourth part: improving literacy

Test point 1: The composition of the atmosphere

1. The main reason why the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere is increasing day by day is ()

A. Sea-level rise

B． Significant reduction in ozone

C． Global warming is becoming more and more serious

D． Burning coal, oil, etc. continuously emits carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and destroys forests.

2. The reduction in total ozone will have the following consequences: ()

① The soil becomes more acidic and cultural relics are corroded

②Intensified solar radiation is beneficial to the growth of forest trees

③The number of people suffering from cataracts and skin cancer is increasing

④ Cause damage to the ecological environment and agriculture

A. ①②B. ③④

C． ②③　D． ①④

Test point 2: Vertical stratification of the atmosphere

3. Which statement about the vertical stratification of the atmosphere is correct ()

A. The atmosphere in the vertical direction consists of the troposphere, stratosphere, and upper atmosphere from bottom to top.

B． The height of the troposphere varies with latitude, specifically as it gradually decreases from high latitudes to low latitudes

C． The temperature rises rapidly with altitude in the troposphere

D． The warming of the tropospheric atmosphere is mainly the result of the shortwave radiation from the ground being absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

4． The troposphere is closely related to human activities, mainly manifested in ()

A. Is the main source of heat on Earth

B． Can reduce the damage of solar ultraviolet rays to surface organisms

C． The occurrence of rain, snow and other weather phenomena

D． Conducive to high-altitude flight of aircraft

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