"Common Acids and Bases" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 4

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"Common Acids and Bases" Common Acids, Bases and Salts PPT Courseware 4

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1 Calcium hydroxide

1. Nature, use

The common name of calcium hydroxide is _______, which is slightly soluble in water. The aqueous solution is called clarified lime water. Can be used as _____________ and___________.

2. Preparation

(1) Put limestone (the main component is calcium carbonate) into a lime kiln and calcine it at high temperature to obtain quicklime (the main component is CaO). The chemical equation is ______________.

(2) When quicklime meets water, it releases a lot of heat and transforms into hydrated lime. The chemical equation is ____________________.

[Tips] Quicklime can be used as a desiccant.

2. Properties of sodium hydroxide solid

Sodium hydroxide is a white solid that is highly corrosive, so it is commonly known as _______, ___________.

(1) Sodium hydroxide solid has ______ properties, so sodium hydroxide solid can be used as ____________.

(2) Sodium hydroxide solid _______ dissolves in water, and it will _____ a large amount of heat when dissolved.

(3) Sodium hydroxide solid not only absorbs water and deliquesces, but also reacts with __________ in the air, converting sodium hydroxide into sodium carbonate and deteriorating, so sodium hydroxide must be stored _________.

[Tip] Be very careful when using sodium hydroxide. If you accidentally get sodium hydroxide on your skin, rinse immediately with ____ and then apply boric acid solution.

Interactive exploration

Explore point 1: Common bases and their uses

[Question Research]What are the common bases? What are their uses?

[Inductive Lifting]Common alkalis include calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide is often used in building materials and soil improvement. It can be made by reacting quicklime obtained by calcining limestone (the main component is calcium carbonate) with water. Sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive and can be used in soap making, paper making, and refining. Production of petroleum, etc.; potassium hydroxide can be used in the battery industry, etc.

[Application Example]

Example 1 Calcium hydroxide is widely used in life and production. Which of the following is not a use of calcium hydroxide ()

A． Building materials b. Making quicklime

C. Making bleaching powder D. Treat sewage

[Analysis] B Calcium hydroxide is produced by reacting quicklime and water. It cannot be used to make quicklime.

Research point 2: Verify the reaction between sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide

[Scenario display]Inject sodium hydroxide solution into the sealed device and the balloon inflates.

[Question Investigation]Why does the balloon expand after sodium hydroxide solution is dripped into the device? How to experimentally verify that sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide?

[Inductive Lift]After dropping the sodium hydroxide solution, it absorbs the carbon dioxide in the device, and the internal pressure decreases, so the balloon expands. NaOH and CO2 react to generate Na2CO3 and H2O. Since there are no common colors, states, gases, precipitation, etc. in the reaction, it is difficult to judge that a reaction has occurred. Whether CO2 reacts with H2O or NaOH needs to be verified through comparative experiments, so the following comparative experiments can be designed to verify.

Example 2 Among the four experimental designs and operations shown in Figure 8-2-6, the phenomenon during the experiment is not sufficient to indicate that CO2 and NaOH solution reacted ()

[ Analysis Carbon dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide. Other methods are to drop a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution into the carbon dioxide, with very little water, eliminating the possibility of dissolving the carbon dioxide.

[ Method instructions In order to explore the chemical reaction between CO2 and NaOH, many experimental plans can be designed based on the characteristics of NaOH and CO2. But whether CO2 reacts with water or NaOH needs further proof.

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1: Physical properties and uses of common bases

1. Mastering the classification of substances is the basis for learning chemistry well. Point out which of the following substances are bases ()

A. NaCl B. KOH

C. MgO D. Cu

[Analysis] B Of the above options, only B is a base, A is a salt, C is an oxide, and D is a metal element.

2. Which of the following statements about Ca(OH)2 is incorrect ()

A． Commonly known as slaked lime

B． Can be used to treat hyperacidity

C. Can be used to improve acidic soil

D． Can be used to treat acidic wastewater discharged from sulfuric acid plants

[Analysis] B Calcium hydroxide, commonly known as hydrated lime, is highly corrosive and can react with acid. It is used to improve acidic soil and treat acidic wastewater discharged from sulfuric acid plants, but it is not edible.

Knowledge point 2: Chemical properties of bases

3. It is known that lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is soluble in water and its chemical properties are similar to sodium hydroxide. Which of the following statements about the chemical properties of lithium hydroxide is incorrect ()

A． Can react with carbon dioxide

B． Can turn colorless phenolphthalein solution red

C. Can turn purple litmus solution red

D． Adding copper sulfate solution dropwise to lithium hydroxide solution produces a blue precipitate

[ Analysis

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Update Time: 2024-11-01

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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