"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 6

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"Common Acids and Bases" Acids and Bases PPT Courseware 6

Sour, sweet, bitter and spicy are the tastes in our lives. Do you know what substances have sour taste?

One very important substance is present in many of these substances: acid,

At the same time, there is another substance in nature: alkali.

Tell me from memory how you judge acids and bases?

1. What will happen when carbon dioxide is passed into a purple litmus test tube? What does this phenomenon indicate?

Purple litmus turns red when exposed to carbonic acid

2. What phenomena can be seen in the experiment on the right? What does this indicate about the properties of phenolphthalein test solution?

Colorless phenolphthalein turns red when exposed to concentrated ammonia

Exercise: There are three bottles of colorless liquid with missing labels. They are sulfuric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution and distilled water. How to identify them?

step:

1. Use a test tube to take a small amount of the three solutions and number them (A, B, C);

2. Add a few drops of purple litmus test solution respectively and observe the color change.

Phenomenon: A is blue, B has no change, and C is red

Conclusion: A is sodium hydroxide solution, B is distilled water, and C is sulfuric acid solution

Activities and exploration steps:

1. Take the petals of a flower (rose flower), mash them in a mortar, add alcohol (the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:1) and soak them;

2. Use gauze to filter or squeeze out the soaked juice to obtain the indicator;

3. The test indicator neutralizes the color change in the above four solutions;

4. Judge whether it can be used as an indicator based on whether the color change in the solution is obvious.

Why can different acids turn purple litmus solution red but colorless phenolphthalein solution not? Why can different bases turn purple litmus solution blue and colorless phenolphthalein solution red? Do you know the reason?

[Experiment 10-8]Test the conductivity of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, distilled water and ethanol respectively.

Conductive substances: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution

HCl= H+ + Cl- Acid can dissociate into H+ and acid ions in solution. H+ is contained in different acid solutions.

H2SO4 = 2H+ + SO42-acid (H+ acid radical) name: generally reads an acid with the name of the middle element;

After studying this topic you should know

1. Acid-base indicators display different colors when reacting with acid and alkali solutions. For example, purple litmus solution turns red when exposed to acidic solutions and blue when exposed to alkaline solutions; colorless phenolphthalein does not change color when exposed to acidic solutions, but turns red when exposed to alkaline solutions.

2. How to judge acid-base solutions:

A. Take a small amount of the solution

B. Add a few drops of indicator (litmus) test solution

If the solution appears red, it is an acidic solution.

If the solution appears blue, it is an alkaline solution.

Exercise: A colorless solution can make the colorless phenolphthalein test solution turn red, then this solution can make the purple litmus test solution turn ( )

A purple B red C blue D colorless

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Update Time: 2024-11-05

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