"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3

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"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge review

Knowledge point 1 Characteristics of organic matter

compound

Organic compounds (organic matter): compounds composed of __________, such as: glucose, alcohol, acetic acid, paraffin, etc.

Inorganic compounds (inorganic substances): compounds composed of __________, such as water, copper oxide, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, etc.

Note: A few carbon-containing compounds (such as CO, CO2, H2CO3, carbonates, etc.) are similar in composition, structure and properties to inorganic substances, and they are classified as inorganic compounds.

Characteristics of organic matter:

1. Most organic substances are ___ soluble in water, but ___ are soluble in organic solvents such as gasoline; 2. Most organic substances are ______ when heated and _____ burn;

3. All organic matter contains ____ elements. In addition, organic matter generally contains ___ elements, and may contain elements such as ______________;

4. Most organic compounds are ____ conductors of electricity, with melting and boiling points ______.

Knowledge point 2 Several simple organic compounds

1. Methane

(1) Physical properties: gas with ____ color and ____ smell; ____ soluble in water; denser than air ____.

(2) Chemical properties: flammable. The chemical equation for complete combustion is ______________. When burning, the flame is ____ color and _______ a lot of heat.

(3) Presence of methane

①Methane is the main component of _______. Rice straw, wheat straw, weeds, human and animal manure, etc. are put into a closed ________, and methane is produced through fermentation. The formed ______ can be used as _______.

②Methane also exists in ______, seabed "_______", and coal mine tunnels ______. Since the mixture of methane and air is prone to ________ when exposed to fire, great attention should be paid to ________ and ________ when operating in mines.

2.Ethanol

(1) Physical properties: Ethanol is commonly known as _______, and its chemical formula is _________. It is a ______ liquid with a _________ smell and _________ property.

(2) Chemical properties: It is easy to burn, releases a lot of heat, and is a clean fuel. The chemical equation for complete combustion is ____________________.

(3) Use: as fuel, solvent, disinfectant, chemical raw material, etc.

Notice:

①The degree of alcohol, disinfectant alcohol contains 70% ethanol, refers to the volume fraction of ethanol.

②Ethanol gasoline is gasoline containing 10% ethanol. It is a mixture that can save fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution.

③Ethanol is contained in all kinds of drinking alcohol. Excessive drinking can cause alcohol poisoning, so alcoholism should be opposed.

④ Industrial alcohol often contains a small amount of methanol. Drinking alcohol prepared with industrial alcohol can cause poisoning, blindness in mild cases, and death in severe cases. Therefore, drinking alcohol prepared with industrial alcohol is strictly prohibited.

3. Acetic acid

Commonly known as _______, it is the main component of vinegar. Its chemical formula is ________. Pure acetic acid is a _____ color with a _________ smell. It has strong ______ properties and cannot be eaten directly. Acetic acid is an important chemical raw material.

[Tip] Vinegar contains about 3% to 5% acetic acid. Acetic acid has acid properties, which makes the purple litmus solution turn into _____, and reacts with carbonate to form _____.

Example analysis

►Type 1: Judgment of organic compounds

Propositional perspective: Test students’ mastery of the definition of organic compounds

Example 1 Which of the following substances are organic substances ( )

① Alcohol ② Table salt ③ Graphite ④ Methane ⑤ Water ⑥ Sucrose ⑦ Limestone ⑧ MSG ⑨ Edible oil ⑩ Egg white.

A． ①②③④⑥ B. ⑦⑧⑨⑩

C. ①④⑥⑧⑨⑩ D. all

【Analysis】

Consider according to the definition of organic matter: carbon-containing compounds are organic matter, but carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and carbonates are all inorganic matter. Table salt does not contain carbon and is an inorganic substance. Graphite is a simple substance and is an inorganic substance. There is no carbon in water and is an inorganic substance. Limestone is a carbonate and is an inorganic substance. So choose C.

[Variation question] Which of the following substances is not an organic compound ( )

A． Formaldehyde (HCHO) B. Glucose (C6H12O6)

C. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) D. Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

[Analysis] Organic matter refers to compounds containing carbon element, and inorganic matter refers to compounds that do not contain carbon element. Although carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonate and other substances contain carbon element, the properties of these substances are similar to inorganic matter. Classify them as inorganic substances, so choose D.

►Type 2: Properties of organic matter

Propositional perspective: Test students’ understanding of the characteristics of organic matter

Example 2 What does not belong to the characteristics of organic matter is ( )

A． Most organic compounds are poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents

B． Organic reactions are more complex and generally slower.

C. Most organic matter does not decompose easily when heated and is not easy to burn

D． Most organic compounds do not conduct electricity easily and have low melting points

[Analysis] Most organic substances are difficult to dissolve in water and easily soluble in organic solvents; organic reactions are relatively complex and generally slow; most organic substances are non-conductors, difficult to conduct electricity and heat, have low melting and boiling points, and are easy to decompose when heated. And easy to burn. So choose C.

[Variation question] Among the following statements about organic compounds, which one is correct ( )

A. Compounds that can burn are organic compounds

B. Compounds containing carbon are all organic compounds

C. Substances that are easily soluble in organic solvents such as gasoline and benzene must be organic compounds

D. The phenomenon of isomerism of organic compounds is one of the important reasons for the wide variety of organic compounds.

[Analysis] A. Compounds that can burn are not necessarily organic compounds. For example, carbon monoxide can burn, but it is an inorganic substance, so A is wrong;

B. Compounds containing carbon elements are not all organic compounds. For example, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are all inorganic compounds, so B is wrong;

C. Substances that are easily soluble in organic solvents such as gasoline and benzene are very polar substances, such as iodine. However, iodine is a simple substance and is not an organic compound, so C is wrong;

D. Isomerism of organic compounds is one of the important reasons for the wide variety of organic compounds, so D is correct;

So choose D.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Modern Life and Common Sense of Chemistry and Organic Compounds", please click the "Modern Life and Chemistry ppt Common Sense of Organic Compounds" ppt tag.

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2:

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. Be able to judge and distinguish typical organic substances and remember the typical characteristics of organic substances; 2. Remember the properties and uses of methane; 3. Understand the properties and uses of ethanol and acetic acid. 1. Organic matter...

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware:

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware New Knowledge Preview 1. Characteristics of Organic Matter 1. Organic compounds are compounds containing ____, referred to as organic compounds. 2. Characteristics of organic matter: ① Generally ____ is soluble in water; ② ____ is soluble in organic solvents; ③..

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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