"Classification and Transformation of Matter" Matter and its Changes PPT (Lesson 2: Transformation of Matter)

"Classification and Transformation of Matter" Matter and its Changes PPT (Lesson 2: Transformation of Matter)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Understand the properties of acids, bases and salts.

2. Recognize that similar substances have similar properties and that various substances can transform into each other under certain conditions.

core competencies

1. Scientific inquiry: Explore the mutual transformation of elements, oxides, acids, bases, and salts.

2. Evidence reasoning and model cognition: Ability to recognize that matter moves and transforms into each other from the perspective of matter categories.

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, part 2: preview of new knowledge

1. chemical properties of acids

Acid+indicator: can make purple litmus solution change color, colorless phenolphthalein solution ______chromic acid+metal salt+H2 acid+alkaline oxide salt+water acid+alkali salt + water acid + salt → new salt + new acid

2. Chemical properties of bases

Alkali + indicator: can make the purple litmus solution change ___ color, and the colorless phenolphthalein solution change color ____ Alkali + acid oxide → salt + water alkali + acid → salt + water alkali + salt → New salt + new base

3. chemical properties of salt

Salt salt + acid salt → new salt + new acid salt + alkali salt → new salt + new alkali salt + salt → new salt + new salt salt of a less active metal + salt of a more active metal → salt of a more active metal + salt of a more active metal Inert metal

Troubleshooting

1. Transformation relationships between elements, oxides, acids, bases and salts

2. Correctly understand the reactions between elements, oxides, acids, bases, and salts

(1) Active metals (such as sodium, etc.) react violently with water. When reacting with aqueous solutions, hydrogen gas will be replaced instead of metal elements; when replacing other metals, they must react with their molten salts.

(2) Acidic oxides and alkaline oxides do not necessarily react with water. For example, SiO2, CuO, etc. are neither soluble in water nor react with water.

(3) Conditions for the reaction of salt and salt, alkali and salt, unless there is precipitation or gas in the product, the reactant must be soluble.

use as you learn

1. (2019•Yangzhou Grade 1 Test) Among the groups of substances listed in the table below, the conversion relationship between substances that cannot be achieved through one-step reaction in the direction of the arrow as shown in the figure is ()

A B C

2. Salt is a common type of substance. Which of the following substances can directly form salt through a one-step reaction is ()

①Metallic elements ②Non-metallic elements ③Alkaline oxides ④Acidic oxides ⑤Acid ⑥Alkali

A. ①②③ B. ①④⑥

C. ②⑤⑥ D． all

A general template for solving transformation problems between different categories of substances

Steps to answer questions Notes on answering questions

The first step is to clarify the categories of each substance and classify them according to acids, bases, salts, oxides, and simple substances.

The second step is to analyze the chemical reactions between substances based on their similar properties.

The third step is to get the answer based on the meaning of the question and the reactions between various substances.

3. Elements, oxides, acids, bases, and salts. Salts can be generated when these different types of substances react. A student constructed a knowledge network diagram as shown in the figure.

Class summary

1. A transformation relationship from elemental substance to salt

2. Based on the composition and properties of substances, as well as the transformation relationships between substances, possible methods for preparing certain types of substances can be determined.

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, Part 3: Qualification examination training

1. Which of the following changes cannot be achieved through a one-step chemical reaction ()

A. BaCl2→BaSO4　B． CuO→Cu(OH)2

C. NaOH→Na2SO3 D. MgSO4→Mg(OH)2

2. The element that can achieve direct transformation between the following substances is ()

A. Fe B. Cu

C. Si D. C

3. Among the following groups of substances, the option that satisfies the one-step transformation relationship of the substances in the figure is ()

4. Among the following transformations of substances, which cannot be achieved through one-step chemical reaction ()

A. Fe→Fe3O4 B. C→CO2

C. CaO→Ca(OH)2 D. S→SO3

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