"Classification of Substances" Classification and transformation of substances PPT

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"Classification of Substances" Classification and transformation of substances PPT

Part One: Classification of Substances

A method of classifying a large number of things according to pre-set standards

Standard: classification basis

Classification requires certain standards;

Depending on the standards, the classification results may also be different.

Advantages of classification: simplicity and speed

Thinking: Each of the following groups of substances has one substance that is classified differently from other substances. Find this different type of substance and explain your reasons.

(1) NaCl, KCl, NaSO4, BaCl2

(2) H2SO4, K2SO4, Cl2, Na2SO4

(3) Air, N2, HCl, CuSO4

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, part 2: tree classification method

tree classification

Characteristics: Material categories at the same level are generally independent of each other and have no overlap.

Acid = H+ + acid anion

Base = metal ion (ammonium ion) + OH-

Salt = metal ion (ammonium ion) + acid ion

Classification principles of tree classification

Characteristics: Material categories at the same level are generally independent of each other and have no overlap.

1. (2018 Jilin High School 1st Test) If a gas contains only one element after testing, then the gas is

A. A simple substance

B.a compound

C. Mixture of elements and compounds

D. It may be a single substance or a mixture of several simple substances.

Analysis: A substance containing only one element may be a pure substance (such as O2) or a mixture (such as a mixed gas of O2 and O3).

2. In "iodized salt", "fluoride toothpaste", "calcium supplement health products" and "iron deficiency anemia", "iodine, fluoride, calcium and iron" refer to

A.Element B.Element C.Compound D.Substance

Analysis: These elements all exist in the form of chemical compounds, and compounds are not composed of just one element.

3. The national quality inspection department has detected that the "green rice dumpling leaves" used to make rice dumplings during the Dragon Boat Festival mostly contain bile alum (chemical formula: CuSO4·5H2O) as an additive. Long-term consumption is harmful to health. What kind of bile alum is it?

A. Oxide B. Salt C. Base D. Acid

Analysis: Crystalline hydrates such as bile vitriol and green vitriol (FeSO4·7H2O) are salts and pure substances.

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, the third part: cross classification method

Cross-classification method: A method of classifying substances from different angles based on their different properties.

Features: There is some overlap between substance categories.

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, Part 4: Tracking training

1. Which classification combination of substances in the table below is completely correct ( )

2. Among the following five groups of substances, there is one substance in each group that is different from the other three from a certain perspective. Please find this substance and explain the reason.

(1)Fe, S, C, P ____________________________

(2)H2, O2, N2, S ____________________________

(3)Fe2O3, Na2CO3, CuO, H2O______________

(4)AgCl, BaSO4, KNO3, CaCO3______________

Classification and transformation of substances PPT, Part 5: Class summary

1. Commonly used classification methods

tree classification

The only classification standard

Features: Each category in the same level is independent of each other

cross classification

Features: There are overlapping parts between material categories

Various classification angles

2. General steps for classification:

Determine the classification criteria, select the classification method, and arrive at the correct classification

General principles of classification: effective and simple.

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

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