"Chemistry is a science based on experiments" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

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"Chemistry is a science based on experiments" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

1. Chemical experiments and scientific inquiry

1. The contribution of alchemy and alchemy to chemical experiments

⑴Invention of chemical experimental equipment

⑵Invent effective methods for synthesizing substances

⑶Invent methods for separating substances

Filtration Distillation

think about it

⑴Alcohol and water can be miscible in any ratio. We know that the boiling point of alcohol is 78.3°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C. How can you separate the two miscible ones?

⑵ The rolling Yellow River water carries sediment and falls from the "sky". Residents living in the lower reaches of the Yellow River want to drink the Yellow River water and ask them what measures should be taken to make the Yellow River water meet the drinking water standards.

2. Activities and exploration

1. An exploration of candles and their combustion

Background knowledge: Carbon dioxide gas can turn clear limewater cloudy

think about it

1. Before ignition: color, state, hardness, odor, water solubility, density

2. Light the candle: light, heat,...

A. Observe how many layers the flame is divided into. Which layer is the brightest and which layer is the darkest?

B. Put the match stem flat into the flame for a second, take it out and observe it. What problem can be explained?

C. What happens if you cover the flame with a dry beaker? What problem does it explain?

D. What happens when you inject clear lime water? What problem does it explain?

3. Extinguish the candle: Can you light the white smoke?

Questions and Analysis

Where have the candles gone? Was it destroyed or turned into other substances? What if it turns into other substances? What substance is it?

in conclusion

When a candle burns, it produces carbon dioxide and water

candle + oxygen ignite carbon dioxide + water

1. A student conducted the following research on candles and their combustion. Please fill in the following content:

① Take a candle, cut off a small piece with a knife, and put it into the water. You can observe the wax floating on the water. Conclusion: Paraffin is _________ denser than water.

②Light the candle and observe that the flame of the candle is _________. How do you know which layer has the highest temperature: Place a match stem in the candle flame, take it out after about 2 seconds, and find that the part of the match stem that contacts the outer flame changes the most.

Conclusion: The ________ layer of a candle flame has the highest temperature.

③ Place a dry and cold beaker over the candle flame. If water mist appears on the inner wall of the beaker, remove the beaker and quickly pour a small amount of clarified lime water into the beaker. Shake until the clarified lime water becomes turbid.

Conclusion: When paraffin is burned, _________ and _________ are formed.

Lesson 2 Activity and Exploration Experiment 2 - Exploring the air inhaled and exhaled by the human body

Preparation for inquiry: Read relevant information to understand the role of breathing

Ask the question: What is the difference between the air we breathe in and the air we breathe out?

Make guesses: knowledge learned based on existing knowledge or searching information

A. The carbon dioxide content of the two is different.

B. The oxygen content of the two is different

C. The water vapor content of the two is different.

D.……

2. Research on the air inhaled and exhaled by the human body

background knowledge:

①Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas can make clear limewater turbid: the more turbidity, the more carbon dioxide (CO2) gas (prerequisite: there is enough clear limewater).

② Oxygen (O2) can rekindle wood sticks with sparks; the more vigorous the wood sticks burn, the more oxygen (O2) there is. That is, oxygen (O2) can support combustion.

③Carbon dioxide (CO2) can extinguish burning wood sticks, that is, carbon dioxide (CO2) does not support combustion.

practise

1. The substance used to detect carbon dioxide gas is ( )

A water B liquor C salt water D clarified lime water

2The gas that can cause sparks to re-ignite wood sticks is ( )

A air B carbon dioxide C oxygen D water vapor

3. When a candle burns in the air, the substance produced is ( )

A oxygen B carbon dioxide C water D carbon dioxide and water

4. Insert the burning small wooden strips into the following two gas collecting bottles. The phenomenon that occurs is ( )

A is extinguished in A and becomes prosperous in B

B becomes prosperous in A and extinguishes in B

C A and B both become prosperous

D A and B are both extinguished

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Update Time: 2024-11-14

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