"Chemical Elements and Human Health" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2

"Chemical Elements and Human Health" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Know the composition of the main chemical elements of the human body.

2. Understand the important role of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements in human health.

3. Preliminarily understand the significant contribution that the development of chemical science has made in helping humans overcome diseases and maintain nutritional health.

1. Chemical elements in the human body

[Thinking] Do you know what elements make up the human body? Which element is most abundant among the elements that make up the human body?

There are more than 50 elements that make up the human body. There are 11 elements that are abundant in the human body, with a content of more than 0.01%, and are called macroelements. They are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, which account for 99.95% of the human body's mass.

The top four elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (about 96% in total) in the human body exist in the form of water, protein, sugar, fat, and vitamins.

In addition to the 11 elements in the human body, other elements (about 4%) such as iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, etc., have their contents below 0.01% and are called trace elements. These elements exist mainly in the form of inorganic salts.

2. Chemical elements and human health

Chemical elements can regulate the body's metabolism and promote health. Some elements are important materials that constitute human tissues.

Let’s study the effects of some elements on human health:

1. Chemical element in human body---Calcium

Function: Calcium provides a strong structural scaffolding for bones and teeth.

Dangers of calcium deficiency: Calcium deficiency in young children and adolescents can cause rickets and stunted development. Calcium deficiency in the elderly can lead to osteoporosis and easy fractures.

Content and distribution: The adult body contains approximately 1.2kg of calcium, 99% of which is found in bones and teeth. It mainly exists in the form of calcium hydroxyphosphate Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 crystals.

【Knowledge accumulation】

How to supplement calcium:

①Try to take supplements as much as possible: Eat more milk, cheese, eggs, soy products, kelp, seaweed, dried shrimps, sesame seeds, hawthorn, marine fish, vegetables, etc., which contain more calcium. When eating these foods, you should avoid eating too much foods containing phytic acid, oxalic acid, and tannic acid to avoid the formation of insoluble calcium compounds, which will affect calcium absorption.

② The more calcium the better, the more important thing is to look at the absorption. Taking more than 200 mg of calcium each time will reduce the absorption rate.

③While supplementing calcium, pay attention to properly supplementing vitamin D. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption. You should pay attention to increase outdoor activities and bask in the sun, because ultraviolet rays can promote the conversion of cholesterol in the body into vitamin D.

2. Chemical element in human body---Iron

Iron is a component of hemoglobin and helps transport oxygen. Iron deficiency can cause iron deficiency anemia, making people weak, with pale skin, fatigue, dizziness, and sensitivity to cold.

Excessive iron intake will cause chronic or acute iron poisoning. Chronic moderate symptoms include liver containing a large amount of iron, which will lead to cirrhosis, pancreatic fibrosis, etc. Acute iron poisoning causes severe and extensive necrosis of the gastrointestinal epithelium, eventually leading to death.

3. Chemical element in human body---Zinc

Zinc affects human development, and the most common cause of zinc deficiency is an unbalanced diet. Zinc deficiency is characterized by loss of appetite, retardation of growth and development, rough and cracked skin, loss of taste sensitivity, lightening of hair pigment, white spots on nails, slow wound healing, etc. Zinc deficiency in pregnant women may even cause fetal malformations.

4. Chemical element in human body---Selenium

Selenium has anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects. Selenium deficiency is an important cause of Keshan disease. Selenium deficiency can induce liver necrosis and induce cardiovascular disease. In people with mild or moderate selenium deficiency, the signs and symptoms are not obvious. Excessive intake of selenium will cause selenium poisoning, the symptoms of which are gastrointestinal disorders, ascites, anemia, hair loss, nail and skin deformation, and liver damage. Ordinary people are at risk of poisoning if they consume 50 times more selenium than their physiological requirements.

Classic examples

Knowledge points, chemical elements and health

[Typical example] Scientific diet is the guarantee of health. Which of the following statements is correct ( )

⑴Vitamins and inorganic salts are essential nutrients for the human body

⑵Tofu is a food rich in protein

⑶ Zinc, selenium and other elements are essential trace elements for the human body. Foods containing these should be taken in large amounts.

Elemental nutritional supplements

⑷Bone soup contains calcium, which young children and teenagers should consume regularly to prevent rickets and stunted development.

⑸To prevent goiter, add a large amount of iodine to table salt

A.⑴⑵⑷ B.⑵⑷⑸ C.⑴⑶⑷ D.⑴⑵⑷⑸

Knowledge training

1. Which of the following elements are not trace elements in the human body ( )

A.Iron B.Calcium

C. Zinc element D. Selenium element

2. Which of the following statements about chemical elements and human health is incorrect ( )

A. Iron deficiency in the human body can lead to anemia, so the more iron intake, the better

B. Potassium and sodium mainly exist in the form of ions in the human body.

C. Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can cause goiter

D. Children with slow growth and loss of appetite can take appropriate zinc supplements.

3. Purified water is not suitable for long-term drinking. Because selenium and other elements contained in natural water are difficult to absorb from food, and when purified water is produced, selenium and other elements are also removed. Selenium is necessary for the human body ( )

A． Protein b. trace elements

C． Noble gas elements D. vitamins

4. The content of chemical elements in the human body will directly affect human health. Among the following elements, insufficient intake may lead to osteoporosis and deformity ( )

A． iron b. fluorine

C． Calcium d. zinc

Classroom training

1. Necessary chemical elements in the human body include major elements and trace elements.

2. Trace elements such as iodine, iron, zinc, and selenium play an important role in human health.

3. For essential elements for the human body, we should also pay attention to reasonable intake. Insufficient or excessive intake is not good for health.

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