"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware

"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware

Preview of new knowledge

1. Common organic synthetic materials

Common organic synthetic materials include ______, _______ and ___________, which are all organic polymer compounds made through chemical synthesis using __________ as the main raw material, referred to as __________.

2. Composition, type and performance of plastics

1. Composition: The main component of plastic is __________, which is a ______ compound. In addition, there are various _______ in plastics, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, etc.

2. Classification

(1) According to the composition of synthetic resin: _______, ________, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester and other plastics.

(2) According to the changes after heating: _______ plastic and _______ plastic.

3. performance

(1) Lightweight, soft, insulating, corrosion-resistant, easy to shape and process, etc.

(2) The raw materials come from petrochemical industry, with low cost and low price.

(3) It can replace metal and wood and has a wide range of uses.

[Note] Different plastic components have different properties, so it has a wide range of uses. The properties of plastic determine its use.

Interactive exploration

Research point 1 Common organic synthetic materials and characteristics

[Question Research]What are the common organic synthetic materials? What good properties do they have?

[Inductive improvement] Common organic synthetic materials include plastics, synthetic rubber, and synthetic fibers. They are all organic polymer compounds made through chemical synthesis using petrochemical products as the main raw materials, referred to as polymers. Molecular compounds. Plastic: light, soft, easy to shape, easy to process, low cost, low price, can replace metal and wood, and has a wide range of uses. Synthetic rubber: good elasticity, wear resistance and insulation. Synthetic fiber: wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, non-shrinking, but has poor hygroscopicity and air permeability.

[Application Example]

Example 1: Using rubber to make car tires can reduce vibrations and bumps when the car is driving. This is because rubber has ()

A． Better thermal conductivity

B． Better elasticity

C. greater density

D. greater hardness

[Analysis] B Because rubber has very good elasticity, using it to make car tires can reduce the vibration and bumps when the car is driving and make people ride more comfortably.

Research Point 2: Identification of Natural Fibers and Synthetic Fibers

[Question Research]How to identify natural fibers and synthetic fibers?

[Inductive improvement]There are two ways to distinguish natural fibers from synthetic fibers: one is physical method comparison, through gloss, feel, and other aspects, such as fiber length, firmness, natural shape, durability Abrasion resistance, stretch resistance, etc.; second, comparison of combustion phenomena, including combustion conditions, odor, ash, etc.

[Application Example]

Example 2 Figure 9-2-1 is part of a clothing label. Which of the following is correct? ()

A． Polyester is a natural fiber

B． Polyester is an organic polymer material

C. Cotton is a synthetic organic polymer material

D. Polyester and wool cannot be distinguished by burning method

[Analysis] B This question uses clothing labels to examine material classification and identification. Organic polymer materials are divided into natural organic polymer materials (such as cotton, linen, etc.) and synthetic organic polymer materials (such as synthetic fibers, polyester is a type of synthetic fibers); the main component of wool is protein, which will It produces the smell of burning hair. The polyester melts first and then burns, or melts and burns at the same time. It has a special smell and the ashes are black balls.

[ Method guidance Such as plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, etc.). The burning method is generally used to distinguish synthetic fibers from natural fibers, and the distinction is based on the phenomena associated with burning (such as smell, ash shape, etc.).

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1: Classification of materials

1. Which of the following materials are synthetic materials ()

A． Ceramics b. Motor vehicle tires

C. Cotton and linen fabrics D. Aluminum alloy

[Analysis] B Motor vehicle tires are made of synthetic rubber, which is one of the three major synthetic materials.

2. Which of the following statements is wrong ()

A． Organic synthetic materials are all polymer materials

B． Cotton, wool, and polyethylene are all synthetic polymer materials

C. Burning PVC plastic will cause environmental pollution

D. Used plastics and rubber should be recycled

[Analysis] B Cotton and wool are natural fibers.

Knowledge point 2: Identification of natural fibers and synthetic fibers

3. The clothes we wear are usually made of fibers. Xiao Ming burned three types of fibers: cotton, wool, and polyester to get the following smell:

Then the numbers of cotton and wool are ()

A． ①② B. ③① C. ②③ D． Unable to determine

[Analysis] C Cotton and wool are both natural fibers. Burning wool produces the smell of burning hair, while burning cotton produces the smell of burning paper.

Knowledge point 3 "White pollution"

4. The discovery and use of new materials has brought great convenience to mankind, but it has also brought certain environmental problems. At present, the "white pollution" that we urgently need to solve refers to ()

A． White smoke emitted from smelting plant

B． White pollutants emitted by lime kilns

C. Polyethylene and other plastic waste abandoned by people

D. Discarded ceramic tiles and other white building materials

[Analysis] C "White pollution" refers to the pollution caused by plastic waste.

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