"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Social Life PPT Courseware 2

"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Social Life PPT Courseware 2

knowledge network

Chemical synthetic materials

synthetic fiber

Introduction to fiber

Activity exploration: Differentiate between cotton fiber, wool fiber and synthetic fiber

Advantages and uses of synthetic fibers

plastic

The formation, advantages and uses of plastics

The impact of waste plastic: "white pollution"

Treatment of waste plastics and development of new plastics

synthetic rubber

Classification of rubber

The formation, advantages and uses of synthetic rubber

Knowledge review

Knowledge point 1 Materials

1. Materials are classified according to their composition and properties and can be divided into four categories, namely _________, ______________, ___________ and _________.

2. Polymer materials can be divided into two categories: __________ and __________. Traditional synthetic materials include _______, ________ and ________.

Knowledge point 2 Synthetic fibers

1. Introduction to fiber

(1) ______ polymer material, its length is greater than 100 times its diameter.

(2) Fibers can be divided into two categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers. Natural fibers can be divided into animal fibers and plant fibers. Chemical fibers can be divided into ________ and artificial fibers.

2.Synthetic fiber

(1) Formation: Using ____________________ as raw materials, through a series of chemical reactions, ______ compounds are first produced, and then _______ compounds are produced through chemical reactions, and finally processed to obtain synthetic fibers.

(2) Features: Wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, non-shrinking, but poor in _______ and _____ properties.

(3) Usage: making clothing and other fabrics, transport belts, space suits, etc.

Example analysis

►Type 1 Material classification

Propositional perspective: Examine students’ understanding of synthetic materials

Example 1 Materials are closely related to people’s life, production and other aspects. Which of the following items has an incorrect relationship with the materials used or main materials ( )

A． Car tires--composite materials

B． Polyester clothes-organic synthetic materials

C. Glass--inorganic non-metallic materials

D. Magnesium aluminum alloy-organic synthetic materials

【Analysis】

A. Car tires - composite materials, so A is correct;

B. Polyester clothes - organic synthetic materials, so B is correct;

C. Glass - inorganic non-metallic material, so C is correct;

D. Magnesium-aluminum alloy - alloy material, so D is wrong;

So choose D.

[Variation question] Nickel-chromium porcelain teeth are a commonly used material in hospitals. They are mainly made of nickel-chromium alloy and ceramics. These two materials belong to ( )

A． Metallic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials

B． Synthetic materials, metal materials

C. Inorganic non-metallic materials, synthetic materials

D. Composite materials, inorganic non-metallic materials

[Method Instructions] Metallic materials refer to metal elements or materials with metallic properties that are mainly composed of metal elements. Including pure metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds and special metal materials. Inorganic non-metallic materials are materials composed of oxides, carbides, nitrides, halogen compounds, borides, silicates, aluminates, phosphates, borates and other substances of certain elements.

[Analysis] Nickel-chromium alloy is a metal alloy and should belong to the category of metallic materials. Most ceramic materials are oxides, nitrides, borides and carbides, etc., which belong to the category of inorganic non-metallic materials, so choose A.

►Type 2: Natural fibers and synthetic fibers

Proposition perspective: Examine students’ identification and understanding of natural fibers and synthetic fibers

Example 2 There are two types of fibers: natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Cotton and wool are _______ fibers, and nylon and polyester are ________ fibers. The common method for identifying them is ______________.

[Analysis] There are two types of fibers: natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers generally refer to organic polymer materials artificially synthesized from petroleum using chemical methods, such as nylon and polyester; cotton and wool are naturally formed and are natural fibers. .

The main component of cotton is cellulose, which is the same as the component in paper. It smells like burning paper when burned. The main component of wool is protein, which smells like burnt feathers when burned. Synthetic fibers have a special smell when burned.

So the answer is: natural; burn with fire and smell.

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For more information about the "Chemistry and Social Life Chemical Synthetic Materials" PPT courseware, please click the "Chemistry and Social Life ppt Chemical Synthetic Materials ppt" tab.

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