"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Understand the important role of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements on human health;

2. Understand that nutrients refer to six types of substances including protein, sugar, oil, vitamins, inorganic salts and water, and master the relationship between protein, sugar, oil and vitamins and human health;

3. Understand the concept and simple classification of drugs;

4. Understand the hazards of chemicals and enhance awareness of self-protection.

1. Elements in the human body

Question: There are more than 50 kinds of elements in the human body. In what form do these elements mainly exist?

(1) Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and other elements mainly exist in the form of water, sugar, fat, protein and vitamins;

(2) Other elements mainly exist in the form of inorganic salts.

Question: What is the content of various elements in the human body?

(1) Eleven elements including oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine and magnesium are abundant in the human body, accounting for approximately 99.45% of the human body weight. The contents of other elements are very small. few;

(2) Elements that exist in the form of inorganic salts in the human body are divided into two categories:

①Major elements: content above 0.01%, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, etc.;

②Trace elements: content below 0.01%, such as iron, iodine, fluorine, etc.

Observation activity: Identifying iodized salt

Into a test tube containing a mixture of potassium iodide and starch, drop in dilute hydrochloric acid (or dilute sulfuric acid, vinegar) to acidify the solution, then add salt and observe the color change of the solution.

Phenomenon: After adding salt, the solution in the test tube turns blue.

Principle: Potassium iodate (KIO3) in table salt reacts with potassium iodide under acidic conditions to generate iodine. The interaction between iodine and starch produces blue color.

Conclusion: This method can be used to test iodized salt.

2. Nutrients in food

1. Sugar:

(1) Sucrose (C12H22O11), starch[(C6H10O5)n],

Glucose (C6H12O6), etc.;

(2) They are composed of three elements: C, H, and O, also called carbohydrates.

①Glucose (C6H12O6): the raw material for respiration of biological cells

C6H12O6 + 6O2 == 6CO2 + 6H2O

Notice:

(1) Low intake can cause "hypoglycemia";

(2) High intake will lead to diabetes - glucose is not metabolized normally in the human body and will be excreted in the urine.

②Starch[(C6H10O5)n]: sugar with complex structure

Test of starch: The starch solution reacts with iodine element to turn blue. Use iodine water (or iodine solution) to test whether food contains starch.

2. Fat: Oil

Oils that are liquid at room temperature are called peanut oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil;

Fats that are solid at room temperature are called fats, such as butter and lard.

The body's backup energy source, once a person lacks sugar, fat will break down and release energy. If the human body consumes too much sugar, sugar will also be converted into fat.

3. Protein: organic matter composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and other elements

Denaturation: When proteins are heated and encounter heavy metal salts or acids, alkalis and certain organic substances, they will destroy biological activity and deteriorate. This is the reason why living organisms suffer damage and poisoning.

Vitamin deficiency leads to certain malnutrition and corresponding diseases in humans.

Vitamin A - night blindness, rough skin

Vitamin B – anemia or beriberi

Vitamin C – scurvy

Vitamin D - rickets, increased blood calcium

Vitamin K - subcutaneous bleeding

Humans also need to consume a certain amount of plant fibers, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and help better digest and absorb various nutrients.

3. Medicines for treating diseases

1.Natural medicines and synthetic medicines

(1) Natural medicine: traditional Chinese medicine

①Most of them are organic substances with complex chemical composition;

②The chemical components with certain biological activity are called active ingredients.

(2) Synthetic drugs: Western medicine, artificially synthesized or purified organic substances.

(3) Compound medicine: a combination of medicines, two or more

Use more than one medicine at the same time to increase the efficacy.

2. Household medicines

(1) Disinfectants:

①Alcohol—Alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 70% has the strongest bactericidal power;

②Iodine-3%~5% iodine alcohol solution for skin disinfection;

③ Potassium permanganate solution.

(2) Stomach medicine: Weishuping—neutralizes gastric acid and relieves stomach pain.

(3) Cold medicine: aspirin.

Classic examples

Knowledge point 1: Elements in the human body

1. Among the following elements, insufficient intake may easily lead to anemia and rickets ( )

A. Iodine and zinc B. Zinc and iron C. Calcium and iodine D. Iron and calcium

Knowledge point 2: Nutrients in food

2. Among the following substances, which one is not sugar ()

A. Sucrose b. Starch c. Cellulose D. protein

Knowledge point 3: Medicines used to treat diseases

3. Which of the following drugs is not used as a disinfectant ( )

A.Alcohol B.Aspirin C.Iodine D.KMnO4 solution

Knowledge point 4: Prevent harmful chemicals and protect your health

4. Which of the following are not harmful chemical components produced in the smoke of medicinal herbs ( )

A. Tobacco tar B. Nicotine C. CO2 D. Aldehydes

Knowledge training

1. Among the following foods, the one most rich in iodine is ( )

A. Soybeans, mustard greens B. Kelp, seaweed

C． Rapeseed, cabbage D. Meat, eggs

2. The following substances are nutrients in food. Although they cannot provide energy to the human body, they play an important role in regulating human metabolism and preventing diseases ( )

A. Protein b. Vitamin C. Sugar D. grease

3. "Food is the first priority for the people, and food safety is the first priority." Which of the following practices will not harm human health ( )

A. Using recycled gutter oil as cooking oil

B． Soak seafood in formaldehyde solution to extend storage time

C． Baking pastries with baking powder containing baking soda

D． Industrial gelatin made from discarded leather shoes is added to jelly, yogurt and other foods

4. The following habits are not conducive to the healthy growth of students ( )

A. Long-term drinking of distilled water prevents "diseases from entering through the mouth"

B． Balanced intake of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and other nutrients

C． Refuse to smoke and proactively take care of your own health

D． Actively participate in "winter long-distance running" to improve your own quality

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"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3:

"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3 Learning Objectives 1. Know the composition of the main chemical elements of the human body 2. Understand the important role of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements on human health. 3. Preliminarily understand the role of the development of chemical science in helping humans overcome diseases and nutrition...

"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware:

"Chemical Substances and Health" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware New Knowledge Preview 1. Elements in the Human Body 1. Existence form: There are more than 50 elements in the human body, among which ____, ____, ____, ____ and other elements are mainly composed of water, sugar, fat, protein and vitamins..

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Update Time: 2024-09-10

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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