"Chemical Properties of Metals" Metals and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 4

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"Chemical Properties of Metals" Metals and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 4

discuss

1. Can all metals react with oxygen?

2. Do you know the conditions under which they react with oxygen?

1. Reaction of metal and oxygen

Magnesium and aluminum react with oxygen at room temperature

Iron and copper react with oxygen when heated

Gold also does not react with oxygen when heated

Magnesium and aluminum react with oxygen at room temperature. Why does aluminum have good corrosion resistance?

Aluminum reacts with oxygen in the air, forming a dense aluminum oxide (Al2O3) film on its surface, thereby preventing further oxidation of aluminum.

Conclusion: 1. Different metals have different reaction conditions with oxygen.

2. The difference in reaction conditions with oxygen indicates that the chemical activity of metals is different.

Magnesium and aluminum are more active, followed by iron and copper, and gold is not the most active.

2. Reaction of metals and acids

discuss

1. Can all metals react with acids?

2. Do they react with acid with the same intensity?

Activities and Inquiries:

Group A: Put magnesium strips, zinc particles, iron nails, and copper wire in the test tube. Then, add some hydrochloric acid to each.

Group B: Put magnesium strips, zinc particles, iron nails, and copper wire in the test tube. Then, add some dilute sulfuric acid to each.

Communication and discussion:

1. Which metals can react with hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid? How violent was the reaction? What gas is produced after the reaction? Which metals cannot react with hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid? From this, what two categories can you classify metals into?

2. Regarding the reactions that can occur, if we analyze them from the perspective of the material categories of reactants and products, what are the common characteristics of these reactions? Which reaction type do they belong to? And please summarize the basic types of chemical reactions you have learned.

Basic types of chemical reactions

Combination reaction: A + B + … → AB…

Decomposition reaction: AB… →A + B + …

Displacement reaction: A + BC → AC + B

Metathesis reaction: AB + CD → AD + CB

3. Reaction of metals and compound solutions

According to the different intensity of the reaction between metal and acid, we already know that metal aluminum is more active than copper. Do we have other ways to judge which one is more active, Al or Cu?

Metal activity gradually weakens from strong to strong

1. In the order of metal mobility, the higher the metal is, the more mobile it is.

2. In the order of metal activity, the metal located in front of hydrogen can displace the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.

3. In the order of metal activity, metals at the front can displace metals at the back from the solution of their compounds.

Applications of Metal Activity Sequence:

1. In the order of metal activity, the further forward the metal is, the stronger its mobility.

2. In the order of metal activity, the metal before hydrogen can react with the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid (dilute sulfuric acid)

3. In the sequence of metal activities, the metal at the front can react the metal at the back from the solution of their compounds.

Extended exploration two

A certain solution contains only two solutes, AgNO3 and Cu(NO3)2. Divide it into two parts, A and B. Add a certain amount of zinc powder to each. After full reaction, filter and wash to obtain the filter residue and filtrate respectively.

1. Add the filter residue obtained in A to dilute hydrochloric acid and bubbles are generated, then the substance contained in the filter residue is _________;

2. Add dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise to the filtrate obtained in B. If a white precipitate appears, the corresponding filter residue contains ________, and the solute contained in the filtrate is _________.

1. Determine whether a substitution reaction can occur between metal and acid and the speed of the reaction.

1 Reaction conditions:

(1) The metal that ranks before hydrogen can replace the hydrogen in the acid

(2) Acid refers to hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid. Concentrated acid and nitric acid cannot be used.

(3) The salt produced must be soluble.

2. Comparison of response speed

Four equal masses of metals are put into a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid with the same solute mass fraction.

Judgment basis: In each curve, the steeper the slope, the more hydrogen is produced per unit time and the reaction is faster.

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"Chemical Properties of Metals" PPT (Second Lesson) Part One Content: Teaching Objectives: 1. Understand the activity sequence of metals through the reactions of typical metals with acids and certain salts; 2. Understand the characteristics of substitution reactions, and understand the behavior of electrons role in chemical reactions. ... ....

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Update Time: 2024-12-08

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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