"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt PPT Courseware 3

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"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge review

Knowledge point 1: Definition and types of chemical fertilizers

1.Chemical fertilizer definition: __________________.

2. Fertilizers are divided into two categories: ___________ and ___________.

3. The most important chemical fertilizers are _______, _______, _______, __________.

Knowledge point 2 Common chemical fertilizers

1. Nitrogen fertilizer:

(1)___ is an important component of nucleic acids, proteins and chlorophyll in crops;

(2) Nitrogen fertilizer can make the _______ of plants grow luxuriantly and make the leaves dark green;

(3) Commonly used nitrogen fertilizers include _____ and ammonium nitrogen fertilizers (salts containing _____), such as ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4), etc.;

(4) Nitrogen fertilizers are all ____ colored crystals, ____ soluble in water.

2. Inspection of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer

(1) Ammonium nitrogen fertilizers mainly include: ammonium chloride___________, ammonium sulfate___________, ammonium bicarbonate___________, etc.;

(2) When ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and alkali are mixed and heated, ______ will be released. Ammonia has a pungent smell. When it meets water, ammonia water is ____, which can make the moist red litmus paper _____. You can proceed accordingly. Inspection of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer;

(3) When using ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, avoid mixing it with plant ash (K2CO3) and slaked lime Ca(OH)2, otherwise the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced.

Knowledge point 3: Application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

1. The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers will cause ______ pollution (fertilizers contain heavy metal elements, toxic organic matter, soil acidification and hardening), ______ pollution (emission of bad gases such as NH3), _____ pollution (containing nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies) increase, eutrophication), etc.

2. Use chemical fertilizers rationally:

(1) It cannot be abused and should be applied according to soil characteristics and crop growth needs;

(2) The same piece of land cannot use one kind of chemical fertilizer for a long time, and chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure should be applied alternately.

pesticide:

(1) Pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, etc.;

(2) Most of them are biological poisons;

(3) Pollute the natural environment and threaten the health of humans and animals;

(4) Apply pesticides rationally and control the dosage, depth, and frequency of application;

(5) Pesticide development direction: high efficiency, low residue, and less toxic to humans and animals.

Pros and cons of using chemical fertilizers and pesticides:

Pros: Fertilizers and pesticides play an important role in increasing crop yields.

Disadvantages: The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will cause many environmental problems, such as air pollution, soil pollution, and water pollution. It can also endanger the health and safety of humans and animals.

Example analysis

►Type 1 Common types and effects of chemical fertilizers

Proposition perspective: Test students’ understanding of common chemical fertilizers.

Example 1 The wheat grown by Xiao Ming’s family has yellow leaves, short plants, and lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. The fertilizer that should be applied immediately is ( )

A． CO (NH2)2 B． NH4HCO3

C. NH4H2PO4 D. KNO3

[Analysis] A. CO (NH2)2 only contains nitrogen in nutrients and belongs to nitrogen fertilizer, so A is wrong;

B. NH4HCO3 only contains nitrogen in nutrients and belongs to nitrogen fertilizer, so B is wrong;

C. NH4H2PO4 contains both nitrogen and phosphorus and is a compound fertilizer, so C is correct;

D. KNO3 contains nitrogen and potassium, but no phosphorus, so D is wrong;

So choose C.

[Variant question] The corn leaves in a certain experimental field are light yellow and have lodging. What compound fertilizer do you think should be applied? ( )

A． CO(NH2)2B． KCl

C. Ca(H2PO4)2 D. KNO3

[Analysis] In general, nitrogen deficiency in plants often manifests as slow growth, short plants, thin and small leaves, and green and yellow leaves; nitrogen mainly promotes the development of plant leaves, phosphorus mainly promotes the development of plant fruits, and potassium mainly promotes the development of plant fruits. Development of plant stems. The light yellow color of corn leaves indicates a lack of nitrogen fertilizer, and the lodging phenomenon indicates a lack of potassium fertilizer, so D should be selected.

►Type 2: Identification of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Proposition perspective: Examine students’ mastery of the principles and methods of nitrogen fertilizer identification.

Example 2: The following chemical fertilizers are mixed and ground with slaked lime. Which one can smell the smell of ammonia ( )

A． Potassium chloride b. Potassium sulfate

C. superphosphate d. Ammonium sulfate

[Analysis] Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, superphosphate and other substances do not contain ammonium ions and cannot react with calcium hydroxide to generate ammonia gas. Ammonium sulfate is an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and can react with calcium hydroxide to generate ammonia gas. Ammonia Gas is a gas with a pungent odor.

So choose D.

[Variation Question] In order to determine the type of a certain chemical fertilizer, which chemical change occurred during the following inquiry process is ( )

A． Observe its appearance, it is white crystal

B． Smell it, no obvious smell

C. Test its solubility, soluble in water

D. Grind with slaked lime and have a pungent smell.

[Analysis] A. Observe its appearance. It is a white crystal. It describes the color and state. It does not need to show properties through chemical changes, which are physical properties;

B. Smell the smell, there is no obvious smell, the smell described does not need to be expressed through chemical changes, it is a physical property;

C. Measure its solubility. It is soluble in water. The solubility described does not require properties to be expressed through chemical changes and is a physical property;

D. During the process of adding slaked lime and grinding to produce a pungent smell, new substances such as ammonia are generated, which is a chemical change; therefore, choose D.

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Update Time: 2024-11-26

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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