"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt Fertilizer PPT Courseware 4

Description

"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt Fertilizer PPT Courseware 4

1. Types of chemical fertilizers

According to the nutrients contained, it is divided into:

1. Nitrogen fertilizer 2. Phosphate fertilizer 3. Potassium fertilizer

Compound fertilizer:

Contains two or more nutrients at the same time.

1. Nitrogen fertilizer

Commonly used chemical fertilizers

Urea CO(NH2)2

Ammonia NH3·H2O

Ammonium salts (such as ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3)

Nitrates (such as: ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, sodium nitrate NaNO3)

role in plant life

Nitrogen is a component element of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll in plants.

Nitrogen deficiency will cause the entire leaf to turn yellow.

2. Phosphate fertilizer

Commonly used chemical fertilizers

Phosphate rock powder: [Ca2(PO4)3]

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: (phosphate of calcium and magnesium),

Superphosphate: [Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaSO4]

role in plant life

Phosphorus is a component element of many important compounds in plants such as nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes.

Phosphorus can promote crop growth and enhance cold and drought resistance.

Phosphorus deficiency will cause growth retardation and yield reduction; phosphorus excess will cause greedy greening and late maturity, and the seed setting rate will be reduced (yield reduction).

2. Chemical fertilizers and environment

1. Benefits: Increase crop yields

2. Disadvantage:

(1) Some heavy metal elements, toxic organic substances and radioactive substances pollute the soil;

(2) Due to the accumulation, loss or change of certain components, soil acidification, water eutrophication and atmospheric environment pollution are caused.

3. Pay attention to the rational use of pesticides and fertilizers.

In addition to chemical fertilizers, pesticides also play an important role in high yields and harvests in agriculture.

However, pesticides are also toxic substances. While killing pests and diseases, they also cause pollution to the natural environment and harm to human health.

P78 Figure 11-14 Transfer of pesticides in nature

3. Preliminary steps and methods for distinguishing nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers:

(1) Observe the color and odor of the sample: the one that is off-white powder and not easily soluble in water is phosphate fertilizer; the one with obvious ammonia odor is ammonium bicarbonate.

(2) Add slaked lime and grind: Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium salt) can release irritating gases.

Thinking: Identify four types of nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, ammonium chloride NH4Cl, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, and urea CO(NH2)2

plan:

①OH－ [ NaOH or Ca(OH)2 ];

②Ba2+ [ BaCl2 or Ba(NO3)2 ];

③Ag+ [ AgNO3 ]

P80 Information Simple identification of nitrogen fertilizers

Points to note when using chemical fertilizers:

(1) Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer cannot be mixed with alkaline substances to avoid reducing fertilizer efficiency;

(2) Plant ash (main component K2CO3, pH>7) cannot be exposed to rain, and cannot be mixed with ammonium salt to avoid reducing fertilizer efficiency;

(3) Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the morning and evening, in trenches, and covered with soil in time to avoid failure.

(4) Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, etc. should not be used in large amounts for a long time to avoid increasing soil acidity;

(5) Organic fertilizers (natural fertilizers whose main components are human and animal excrement and plant matter) and chemical fertilizers (such as phosphate fertilizers) are mixed to reduce the use of highly toxic pesticides and develop efficient and low-toxic pesticides;

(6) Vigorously develop soilless plants;

Fertilizer storage:

(1) Cool, dry, sun-proof and moisture-proof

(2) Avoid mixing with alkaline substances

practise

1. Which of the following chemical fertilizer names and chemical formulas are correct ( )

A. Potassium sulfate KSO4

B. Ammonia chloride NH4Cl

C. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate NH4H2PO4

D. Ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3

2. There is a proverb in the countryside that thunderstorms damage crops. This is because oxygen and nitrogen in the air generate nitrogen oxides under discharge conditions. The nitrogen oxides undergo complex chemical changes and finally generate nitrates that are easily absorbed by crops. Thunderstorms exert ()

A. Potash fertilizer B. Phosphate fertilizer C. Nitrogen fertilizer D. Compound fertilizer

3. When preparing the soilless cultivation nutrient solution for tomatoes, potassium nitrate is used as fertilizer. Potassium nitrate is a ()

A. Compound fertilizer B. Phosphate fertilizer C. Potassium fertilizer D. Nitrogen fertilizer

The process by which plant roots absorb mineral elements

A large amount of H+ and HCO3- are adsorbed on the surface of root cells, and they can exchange with anions and cations in the soil solution to complete the absorption of mineral elements.

Plants are selective in their absorption of ions from solution.

For example, when plants are cultured in (NH4)2SO4 solution, the roots of the plant absorb more NH4+ than SO42-. During absorption, the roots of the plant exchange H+ with NH4+ on the surface of the root cells, so that a lot of H+ remains in the solution. Over time, the solution gradually becomes acidic. This kind of fertilizer should not be applied in acidic soil, otherwise it will affect the normal growth and development of plants.

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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