"Chemical Bonding" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Lesson 1 Ionic Bond)

Description

"Chemical Bonding" Periodic Law of Elements in Material Structure PPT (Lesson 1 Ionic Bond)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Understand the interactions between particles that make up matter, and understand the formation of ionic bonds with typical examples.

2. Able to determine the types of chemical bonds in simple ionic compounds.

core competencies

1. Macroscopic identification: Able to use models, symbols and other methods to comprehensively represent the structure and changes of matter.

2. Concept of change: Ability to describe and illustrate the nature and laws of material transformation using macroscopic, microscopic, symbolic and other methods.

Chemical Bonding PPT, Part 2: Knowledge Point 1 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

1. ionic bond

(1)The formation process of sodium chloride

The outermost electron numbers of sodium atom and chlorine atom are 1 and 7 respectively, both of which are unstable. They gain and lose electrons to reach an 8-electron stable structure, forming Na+ and Cl- respectively. These two oppositely charged ions pass through __________ Combined together, they form a new substance, sodium chloride.

(2) Ionic bond: interaction between ____________________.

①Bonding particles: ____________________.

②The nature of bonding: interaction is electrostatic interaction (including __________ and __________).

③Bonding elements: generally ____________ elements and _______________ elements.

2. ionic compounds

(1) Concept: a compound composed of __________.

(2) Common types

①Strong bases, such as NaOH, KOH, etc.

②Most salts, such as NaCl, K2SO4, etc.

③Active metal oxides, such as K2O, Na2O, MgO, etc.

(3)Nature

① The ionic bond in ionic compounds is generally relatively strong, and it requires high energy to destroy it. Therefore, the melting point of ionic compounds is generally higher and they are solid at room temperature.

② When ionic compounds are dissolved in water or melted by heat, the ionic bonds are destroyed and free-moving anions and cations are formed, which can conduct electricity.

Troubleshooting

Reminder of misunderstandings about ionic bonds and ionic compounds

(1) Ionic compounds must contain anions and cations.

(2) Ionic compounds must contain ionic bonds, and substances containing ionic bonds must be ionic compounds.

(3) An ionic bond is formed between ammonium ions and acid ions, and ammonium salts are all ionic compounds.

(4) Ionic bonds are usually formed between atoms of active metals (such as metals in Groups IA and IIA) and active nonmetals (such as nonmetals in Groups VIA and VIIA).

use as you learn

1. The figure graphically represents the formation process of sodium chloride. Which of the following related statements is incorrect ()

A． Sodium atoms tend to lose an electron, and chlorine atoms tend to gain an electron.

B． Sodium ions have similar chemical properties to sodium atoms

C. After the sodium atom interacts with the chlorine atom to form NaCl, the stability of its structure is enhanced.

D. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound

2. Which of the following statements about ionic bonds and ionic compounds is correct ()

A． Ionic bonds are formed between anions and cations through electrostatic attraction

B． Ionic compounds can be formed through ionic bonds between anions and cations

C. Ionic compounds must conduct electricity

D. Only when active metal elements and active non-metal elements combine can ionic bonds be formed

3. Which of the following elements can easily form ionic bonds through interatomic reactions ()

A.a and c B. a and f

C. d and g D. c and g

Chemical Bonding PPT, Part 3: Knowledge Point 2 Electronic Formula

1. definition

Use "•" or "×" around the element symbol to represent the outermost electrons (valence electrons) of the atom. This formula is called the electronic formula.

2. electronic writing

Troubleshooting

Common mistakes in electronic writing

(1) Missing brackets for anions, for example, the electronic formula of S2- is wrongly written as

(2) Give multiple electrons and brackets to the cation. For example, the electronic formula of Al3+ is wrongly written as

(3) The charge of the ion is missing or mislabeled. For example, the electronic formula of S2- is wrongly written as

(4) Grouping multiple identical ions together, such as incorrectly writing the electronic formula of K2S as

use as you learn

1. The correct electronic formula of the following substances is ()

2. Use electronic formulas to express the formation process of the following ionic compounds:

(1)BaCl2______________________________________________；

(2)NaF_______________________________________________；

(3)MgS_______________________________________________；

(4)K2O_______________________________________________。

Chemical Bonding PPT, Part 4: Qualification Examination Training

1. Which of the following statements about ionic bonds and ionic compounds is correct ()

A． All compounds containing ionic bonds must contain metal elements

B． In the compound MgCl2, there is also an ionic bond between two chloride ions

C. NaCl solid conducts electricity

D. Elements with atomic numbers 11 and 9 can form ionic compounds in which ionic bonds exist

2. Which of the following substances is not an ionic compound ()

A． H2O B. CaI2

C. KOH D. NaNO3

3. The correct electronic formula for the following compounds is ()

4. Which of the following electronic formulas represents the formation process of ionic compounds is correct ()

5. The atomic numbers of the three short-period elements A, B, and C increase in sequence. The sum of the atomic numbers of the three elements is 35. A and C are in the same main group, and B+ has 10 electrons outside the nucleus. please answer the following question:

(1)The three elements A, B, and C are ____________, __________, and ______________ respectively. (fill in name)

(2) Various compounds can be formed between A, B, and C. The chemical formulas of ionic compounds are ________, ________, and ________ respectively.

(3) Use the electronic formula to express the process of forming a compound between B and C: _______________________________________________________________.

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Update Time: 2024-11-02

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