"Charge Triboelectricity" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware 3

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"Charge Triboelectricity" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware 3

1. Frictional electrification

Explore the characteristics of objects after friction

1. Rub the barrel of the ballpoint pen against your hair close to the scraps of paper

Phenomenon: Paper scraps are attracted

2. Rub the plastic ruler against the sweater and then bring it close to the scraps of paper

Phenomenon: Paper scraps are attracted

3. Rub other things around you and bring them close to the scraps of paper

Phenomenon: Paper scraps are attracted

Some objects can attract light and small objects after being rubbed. People say that these rubbed objects are "electric", or charged.

Note: Paper scraps, dust, hair, lightweight balls, grass balls, etc. are all light and small objects

2. Charge types and rules

mutually exclusive

Phenomenon when two glass rods rubbed with silk are brought close to each other

Question: Do the two glass rods have the same charge?

The phenomenon when two rubber rods rubbed with fur come close to each other

Question: Do the two rubber rods have the same charge?

mutual attraction

Phenomenon when a glass rod rubbed with silk and a glass rod rubbed with fur are brought close to each other

Question: Do glass rods and rubber rods have the same charge?

Conclusion: A large number of experimental phenomena show that there are only two kinds of charges.

1. There are two kinds of electric charges in nature.

Positive charge: the charge carried by the glass rod rubbed with silk, represented by the "+" sign

Negative charge: The charge carried by the rubber rod rubbed by the fur, represented by the "-" sign

2. The law of interaction between charges is:

Like charges repel each other, and dissimilar charges attract each other.

practice

1. Use a glass rod rubbed with silk to get close to the light ball. If the ball is attracted, the ball is ( )

A. Positively charged B. Negatively charged

C. Uncharged D. May be negatively charged or uncharged

2. There are three small balls A, B, and C. It is known that A and B attract each other, B and C repel each other, and ball B is negatively charged ( )

A. Ball A is negatively charged, and ball C is negatively charged.

B. Ball A is negatively charged and ball C is positively charged.

C. Ball A is positively charged and ball C is negatively charged.

D. Ball A is positively charged, and ball C is positively charged.

3. There are four charged balls a, b, c, and d. It is known that a attracts b, b repels c, c attracts d, and d is negatively charged. Then the charging situation of the three balls a, b, and c should be ( )

A.a is negatively charged, b is positively charged, c is positively charged

B.a is positive, b is negative, c is positive

C.a is negative, b is negative, c is positive

D.a is positively charged, b is positively charged, c is negatively charged

5. Causes of frictional electrification:

1. Atomic structure:

Electrons orbit the nucleus at high speed under the electric attraction of the nucleus (i.e., the binding effect of the nucleus).

Neutral: Usually the number of positive and negative charges of an atom is equal, and it does not show any electricity to the outside world.

1. The essence of frictional electrification:

It is not the creation of charges, but the transfer of electrons between objects.

2. Neutralization phenomenon:

When two objects with equal amounts of different charges come into contact with each other, the positive and negative charges completely cancel each other and do not appear electrical to the outside. This phenomenon is called neutralization.

Class summary

1. Charge

If a rubbed object can attract light and small objects, it means that the object is charged. This phenomenon is called frictional electrification.

2. Interaction between charges

There are only two types of charges in nature.

Like charges repel each other and dissimilar charges attract each other

3. Electroscope

Function: Check whether the object is charged

Principle: Like charges repel each other

4. Charge amount

The amount of charge is called charge. Unit: Coulomb (C)

5. Element charge

People call the minimum charge the element charge, which is often represented by the symbol e. e=1.6×10-19C

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Update Time: 2024-09-17

This template belongs to Physics courseware Lu Jiao Edition Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1 industry PPT template

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