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"Changes and Properties of Matter" Entering the World of Chemistry PPT Courseware 6
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is a natural science that studies the composition, structure, properties and changes of substances.
The world is material, and matter moves and changes. What are the laws of change of matter?
1. Changes in matter:
1. Physical changes: changes that do not produce new substances.
2. Chemical changes: changes that produce new substances.
(Chemical changes are also called chemical reactions.)
3. Some phenomena accompanying chemical changes
Common phenomena: glow, heat, color change, gas release, precipitation; often accompanied by energy changes
Note: When judging the type of material change, you should not just look at whether there is a phenomenon, but whether other substances are generated. Some chemical changes have no obvious phenomenon, and physical changes can also be accompanied by obvious phenomena, such as luminescence and heat release when electricity is turned on. .
[Discussion] Which of the following changes are physical changes? What are chemical changes?
Coal burning, ore crushing, steel rusting
Grain wine making tungsten filament bulbs emit light and heat
Is burning a candle a physical change or a chemical change?
Answer: Both a physical change and a chemical change
practise
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect - ( )
A. Chemical changes are often accompanied by phenomena such as heat release and luminescence.
B. Chemical changes must produce other substances.
C. Chemical changes must be more severe than physical changes.
D． Physical changes occur simultaneously with chemical changes.
2. One of the following changes is different from the other three changes. This change is ( )
A. Gasoline volatilization B. Crushed ore
C. Water turns into ice D. Wood burns
3. Which of the following changes are physical changes ( )
A. Food spoilage B. Steel rust
C. Gas explosion D. Boiler explosion
4. Which of the following changes are chemical changes ( )
A. The light bulb glows B. The air liquefies
C. Photosynthesis D. Seawater sun salt
2. Properties of matter
1. Chemical properties: Properties manifested in chemical changes.
Physical properties: properties that manifest themselves without chemical changes. Such as color, state, smell, density, hardness, melting point, boiling point, etc.
2. The difference between the description of "material change" and "material properties":
Language that generally describes the properties of substances includes words such as "can, easily, can, and will", such as alcohol burns alcohol can burn.
3. Common physical properties
Melting point The temperature at which a solid melts
Melting point The temperature at which a liquid boils
Density The mass per unit volume of a substance
Experiment 1-5: Let’s talk about it
(1) How to smell correctly?
(2) What are the similarities and differences in the properties of O2 and CO2?
(3) How to identify O2 and CO2 gases?
practise
1. Human life requires energy. The following energy is mainly produced by chemical changes ( )
A. The energy generated by the electric iron B. The light emitted by the electric lamp
C. Hydropower stations use electricity generated by water power D. The energy released by the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas
2. Which of the following changes in substances is a chemical change ( )
① Alcohol evaporates ② Sugar dissolves in water ③ Food rots ④ Iron ore makes iron ⑤ Car tires explode ⑥ Electric lights glow
(A)①③ (B)③④ (C)②③ (D)④⑤
3. Which of the following methods can be used to identify O2 and CO2 ( )
A. Smell b. look at color
C. Clarified limewater D. burning sticks
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