"Changes in Economic and Social Life" PPT courseware

"Changes in Economic and Social Life" PPT courseware

Part One: The Development of National Capitalism

1. Origin: Westernization Movement

In the 1860s and 1970s, Chinese national capitalism emerged.

2. Development: (1) Start

After the Sino-Japanese War, foreigners set up factories and mined mines in China one after another, stimulating the development of China's national industry.

(2) Development

After the Revolution of 1911, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China promulgated a series of laws to reward the development of industry. Various industrial groups emerged one after another, setting off an upsurge in industrial development.

(3) "Short Spring"

During World War I, the Western powers were busy with the war in Europe and temporarily relaxed their economic aggression against China. China's national industry got a good opportunity to develop rapidly, and a "short spring" appeared. Among them, the textile industry and flour industry are the fastest growing.

(4) Frustrated again

After World War I, imperialist economic power made a comeback, and the development of national capitalism was once again frustrated.

(5) Struggling tenaciously in the cracks:

With the establishment and expansion of the Kuomintang's bureaucratic capital, in addition to the dual oppression of imperialism and feudalism, the national industry was also devastated by bureaucratic capitalism. The national industry caught in the cracks is struggling tenaciously in the harsh living environment.

3. Characteristics of the development of national capitalism:

(1) Generally speaking, they are relatively backward: they have less capital, small scale, and poor technology.

(2) Unbalanced development:

In terms of industry: concentrated in the light industry sector, with a weak foundation in heavy industry.

Regionally: concentrated in big cities along the rivers and coasts such as Shanghai and Wuhan.

Semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature

Changes in Economic and Social Life PPT, Part 2: Changes in Social Life

1. The development of modern traffic management and communications:

Thinking: What kinds of transportation did people use before modern times?

In January 1864, Xu Shou and Hua Hengfang cooperated to build a wooden-hulled steamship "Huanghu" with a length of more than 50 feet and a speed of more than 40 miles per hour. It was the first ship designed by China.

Chinese reaction to trains

In the second year of Guangxu (1876), the Shanghai-Songsong Railway was opened to traffic. It was here that the Chinese heard the whistle of the train for the first time. A reporter who participated in the opening ceremony of the Songhu Railway wrote an article in Shenbao, saying: "The Chinese have never seen the train before and do not know its dangers and safety, and most of the passengers (among the passengers) are women and children." "The sound of the bell" "followed by several whistles, and when the sound was heard, the car started to drive gradually and quickly. The faces of those riding in the car were happy, and the onlookers also cheered and stared attentively."

2. Changes in social customs:

After the Nanjing Provisional Government was established, Sun Yat-sen ordered men across the country to start cutting their braids.

(1) Cut braids

(2) Yi Clothing

(3) Foot binding is prohibited

(4) Change the title to abolish kneeling

Replace kneeling with bows and handshakes

Use: "Sir", "Jun" and other equal titles

Replace the inequality of status with equality of personality; the concept of superiority and inferiority in etiquette has been replaced by the concept of equality.

(5) Trends in catering, entertainment, weddings and funerals following foreign trends:

3. The changes in social life in modern China were uneven:

Changes in coastal areas are greater than those in inland areas;

The changes in the southeastern provinces are greater than those in the northwest provinces;

The changes in large and medium-sized cities are greater than those in vast towns;

Changes among the educated and highly educated populations were greater than those among the uneducated or less educated populations.

The changes in modern social life show the characteristics of a coexistence of the old and the new and diversified development.

PPT on changes in economic and social life, part three: after-school activities

1. Mao Zedong said: When it comes to heavy industry, we must not forget Zhang Zhidong, and when it comes to light industry, we must not forget Zhang Jian. What stories do you know about Zhang Zhidong and Zhang Jian’s founding of modern national industries?

Zhang Zhidong was a representative figure of the Westernization movement and founded a series of modern military and civilian industrial enterprises. For example, Hanyang Iron Works and Hubei Weaving Layout were both famous enterprises founded by him and had great influence at that time.

The No. 1 industrialist Zhang Qian returned to his hometown and founded Dasheng Cotton Mill, which led many Chinese people to embark on the path of "industry to save the country." A Dasheng Capital Group has begun to take shape. After World War I, it gradually embarked on the road of decline and bankruptcy.

2. List three aspects of the changes in Chinese social life in modern times. Think about how these contents manifest themselves in your current life.

Tip: You can give examples from various aspects such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, etc., and they should be close to life.

Changes in Economic and Social Life PPT, Part 4: Classroom Exercises

1. From the first national exposition held in Nanjing in 1910 to the World Expo held in Shanghai in 2010, it has a history of a hundred years. The actual organizer of the first National World Expo 100 years ago was the number one industrialist who proposed "industry to save the country" ( )

A. Zhang Zhidong

B． Zhan Tianyou

C. Hou Debang

D. Zhang Jian

2. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of the changes in the percentage share of Chinese and foreign companies in the total output of China's coal mining industry. The reason for this change is ( )

A. The development of the Westernization Movement

B． Promotion of the Reform Movement of 1898

C. European powers were busy fighting a war

D. The Nanjing National Government was established

3. Which of the following statements about China’s modern national industry is correct ( )

①The Westernization Movement objectively promoted the emergence of China’s national industry

②Mainly concentrated in the light industry sector

③Oppressed by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism

④The development in the later period of the Sino-Japanese War of 1884-1894 entered the "golden period"

A. ①②③ B. ①②④

C. ②③④ D. ①③④

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