"Centripetal Force" Circular Motion PPT

Description

"Centripetal Force" Circular Motion PPT

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Understand the concept of centripetal force and know that centripetal force is named according to the effect of force.

2. Experience the existence of centripetal force and analyze the source of centripetal force.

3. Master the expression of centripetal force and calculate the centripetal force in simple situations.

4. Understand the expression of centripetal force from the perspective of Newton’s second law.

5. Preliminarily understand the principle of "conical pendulum roughly verifies the expression of centripetal force".

6. Be able to measure and analyze experimental data and obtain experimental conclusions.

Centripetal Force PPT, Part 2: Content Analysis

A small ball is tied to a light rope and makes a uniform circular motion on a smooth table.

How many forces act on the ball?

In what direction does the resultant force of these forces follow?

The ball is affected by gravity, the support of the table and the pull of the rope.

The gravity and support forces cancel each other out, and the resultant force is the tension of the rope, pointing along the rope towards the center of the circle.

centripetal force

1. Definition: An object in uniform circular motion must experience a resultant force directed toward the center of the circle. This force is called centripetal force.

2. Directional characteristics: always pointing to the center of the circle, perpendicular to the linear speed along the radius, and the direction is constantly changing.

3. Effect: Only changes the direction of the linear speed, but does not change the magnitude of the linear speed.

Source of centripetal force

Summary: When an object moves in a uniform circular motion, the centripetal force is provided by the resultant force.

① Centripetal force is a force named according to its effect. It is not a force with a new nature.

② Centripetal force is not a force that an object actually experiences. It cannot be said that an object is acted upon by a centripetal force. It can only be said that a certain force or forces provide the centripetal force.

Verify with conical pendulum

1. What is the basic principle of the experiment?

Find Fn from the perspective of motion; find Ftotal from the perspective of force; compare Fn and Ftotal

2. What equipment is needed for the experiment?

Steel ball, thin line, white paper, stopwatch, ruler

3. What data needs to be measured in the experiment? How to measure?

The time it takes to make n turns, t, h

Precautions

1. h is not equal to the height of the paper surface from the hanging point

2. The ball cannot come into contact with the paper surface

3. Don’t measure t for too long

4. When starting the ball, make sure that the ball is moving in a circular motion at a uniform speed.

Centripetal Force PPT, Part 3: Frequently Asked Questions

Question Group 1: Understanding Centripetal Force

Question 1 [2019•Shaanxi Changan No. 1 Middle School and Senior High School Test] As shown in the picture, a coin is placed on a horizontal turntable. When the turntable rotates at a constant speed, the coin does not slide. Regarding the force on the coin in this case, the following statements are correct is()

A. Due to gravity and the support force of the table

B. Due to gravity, the support force of the table and the centripetal force

C. Due to gravity, table support, centripetal force and static friction

D. Due to gravity, table support and static friction

[Idea Tip] When doing uniform circular motion, the resultant force is equal to the centripetal force and points to the center of the circle.

[Analysis] The coin moves in a uniform circular motion, and the resultant force points to the center of the circle. An analysis of the force on the coin shows that it is affected by gravity, supporting force and static friction. As shown in the figure, gravity and supporting force are balanced, and static friction provides centripetal force.

Question 2 [Jiangsu Volume] In order to feel what factors are related to the size of the centripetal force, a student did a small experiment: tie a small ball to one end of the rope, hold it by hand and swing it in the air, so that the ball makes a circular motion in the horizontal plane ( As shown in the figure), then the correct statement among the following is ()

A. Keep the length of the rope unchanged and increase the angular velocity. The pulling force on the opponent's rope will remain unchanged.

B. Keep the length of the rope unchanged and increase the angular velocity, the pulling force on the opponent's rope will increase.

C. Keeping the angular velocity constant and increasing the rope length, the pulling force on the opponent's rope will remain unchanged.

D. Keeping the angular velocity constant and increasing the rope length, the pulling force on the opponent's rope will decrease.

Question 3 [2019·Guangdong Yangchun No. 1 Middle School Senior High School Examination] [Multiple Choice] As shown in the picture is the "flying chair" facility in the amusement park. Visitors riding the flying chair start, rotate at a constant speed, and then gradually stop moving. , the following statement is correct ()

A. The centripetal force between the tourists and the flying chair is equal to the tension of the rope connecting the flying chair.

B. The net external force experienced by tourists may be greater than the centripetal force of tourists

C. When a tourist makes uniform circular motion, the direction of the resultant external force he receives is always perpendicular to the direction of speed.

D. When a tourist makes a curved motion with a decreasing speed, the direction of the resultant external force must be opposite to the direction of the speed.

Question 4 [Multiple Choice] As shown in the figure, a small ball is suspended from point O with a string. Pull it away from the vertical position at an angle and then release it. The small ball will move in a circle with point O as the center, providing a small ball in motion. The required centripetal force is ()

A.The tension of the rope

B. The resultant force of gravity and rope tension

C. The component force of the resultant force of gravity and rope tension along the direction of the rope

D. The resultant force of the pulling force of the rope and the component force of gravity along the direction of the rope

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Update Time: 2024-10-16

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