"Causes of Natural Disasters" PPT courseware on natural disasters from the perspective of the role of man and earth

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"Causes of Natural Disasters" PPT courseware on natural disasters from the perspective of the role of man and earth

Part One: Basic Overview

1. Natural disasters and their common types

1. Concept: The phenomenon or _____ caused by __________, property losses, social instability, resource and environmental damage due to __________ or rapid changes.

2. The influencing factors of natural disaster losses are not only related to the _____ and _____ of natural changes, but also closely related to the __________, industrial layout and economic and social development level of the place where the natural changes occur.

3. type

According to statistical results in the 20th century, the natural disasters causing the most serious losses in the world are as follows:

2. Causes of common natural disasters

1. earthquake

(1) The concepts and components of earthquake disasters and earthquakes

(2) Earthquake magnitude and intensity

(3)Cause

Most of the earthquakes that occur in the world are _____ earthquakes. __________ deforms the rock. When the deformation accumulates to a certain extent, the rock suddenly breaks or _____, and the _____ accumulated over a long period of time is released sharply and spreads in all directions in the form of __________, causing an earthquake. . In addition, __________ and human activities sometimes produce or induce earthquakes.

(4)Distribution

①World earthquake distribution

a. __________ is the most important earthquake distribution zone on the earth, and the large and small _____ activity zones within the plate are also the main areas where earthquakes occur.

b. There are three major seismic zones in the world: _______________, located at the interface between the Pacific plate and surrounding plates; _______________, located at the collision zone between the Eurasian plate and the African plate, and _______________; and the mid-ocean ridge seismic zone, located on the _____ boundary of the plate.

②Distribution of earthquakes in China

Four major seismic zones: _______________ seismic zone, along the Taihang Mountains in North China and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan seismic zone, __________ and its edge seismic zone, and _____ area basin edge seismic zone.

2. flood

(1) Concept

① Flood: A _____ phenomenon that occurs when the water level of a river or lake exceeds the height of a beach or a dam, or the flow of water caused by a breach of a dam.

② Flood disaster: If _____ washes away roads, houses, farmland, etc., flood disaster will occur.

③Waterlogging: If floods or rainwater _____ inundate cities or villages, waterlogging will occur.

④ Flood disaster: the general term for _____ and _____.

(2)Cause

①Natural factors: _____, rapid melting of ice and snow, river dams, _____, storm surges, etc. may cause floods. The formation of waterlogging disaster is also related to the level of _____.

②Human factors: Human damage to _____ and activities that do not respect __________ will also induce or aggravate flood disasters to a certain extent.

PPT on the causes of natural disasters, part 2: independent assessment

1. Judgment questions

1. Epicentral distance refers to the distance from the epicenter to the source. ()

2. The same earthquake has a magnitude and an intensity. ()

3. Plate boundaries are the main earthquake distribution zones on Earth, and earthquakes do not occur within plates. ()

4. Landslides and mudslides are common geological disasters in mountainous areas. ()

5. The occurrence of floods is the result of a variety of natural and human factors. ()

2. Multiple choice questions

6. The geological disaster that has the greatest harm and impact on human beings is ()

A. Landslide B． Volcano eruption

C. Mudslide D. earthquake

7. The Pacific Rim seismic zone and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic zone are ()

A. Areas where earthquakes are concentrated in the world

B． Areas prone to hurricanes, mudslides, landslides, and cold waves

C. All located on detached plate boundaries

D. Cold wave and volcanic eruption concentrated areas

8. In the 20th century, apart from earthquakes, the natural disaster that caused the most serious losses to human society was ()

A. Flood B. earthquake

C. Typhoon D. tsunami

9. Regarding landslides and debris flows, the correct statement is ()

A. A landslide is a phenomenon in which a glacier slides downward under the action of gravity and pressure.

B． Debris flow is a major flood outbreak

C. Landslides and mudslides will destroy farmland, cottages, roads, etc., endangering human life and property.

D. The formation mechanisms of landslides and debris flows are exactly the same

PPT on the causes of natural disasters, part 3: teacher-student interaction

earthquake

[Scenario introduction temptation]

At 3:42 on July 28, 1976, a major earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred in Tangshan, Hebei Province.

"At that time, people were sleeping soundly, and everything was silent. Suddenly, there was a flash of light from the ground, a roar from the ground, houses collapsed, the ground cracked and landslides occurred. In a few seconds, a century-old urban construction was reduced to rubble, and 240,000 urban and rural residents died Due to the rubble, more than 160,000 people were disabled, and more than 7,000 families lost their homes and homes." The inscription on the Tangshan Earthquake Resistance Monument (pictured) tells this major disaster.

After the earthquake, Tangshan has changed its appearance through restoration, reconstruction and rapid development. However, the physical and mental trauma caused by the earthquake is still difficult to heal.

(1) Use comprehensive thinking to analyze the earthquake type to which the Tangshan earthquake belongs from the cause. In addition, what other types of earthquakes are classified according to their cause mechanisms?

(2) Use comprehensive thinking to analyze what harm an earthquake can cause.

(3) From the perspective of regional cognition, analyze and answer the seismic zone where Tangshan is located. In addition, what other earthquake zones are there in China?

Tips: (1) Tectonic earthquakes. Volcanic earthquakes, subsidence earthquakes, and artificially induced earthquakes.

(2) Cause building collapse, road damage, resource and environmental damage, etc., causing heavy losses to people's lives and property.

(3) Along the Taihang Mountains in North China and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan earthquake zone. The coastal seismic belts of Taiwan and Fujian, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its edge seismic zones, and the basin edge seismic zones of Xinjiang.

[Breakthrough in core test points]

1. Classification of earthquakes

Earthquakes are classified according to their cause mechanism, focal depth and magnitude as shown in the figure below:

2. Distribution rules and occurrence processes of tectonic earthquakes

Distribution

According to the theory of plate tectonics, plate boundaries are the most important earthquake distribution zones on the earth. Most global earthquakes are distributed in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the Mediterranean-Himalayan Volcanic and Seismic Zones, both of which are located at plate boundaries.

occurrence process

Seismic waves mainly include transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Transverse waves can cause objects to shake back and forth horizontally, and longitudinal waves cause the ground to bump and vibrate up and down. Transverse waves are the main cause of building damage. Longitudinal waves propagate fast inside the earth, so when a large earthquake occurs, it is near the epicenter. People first felt bumps up and down, and then felt horizontal shaking

special reminder

Most tectonic earthquakes occur at plate junctions, but not all. Large and small active fault zones within plates are also the main areas where earthquakes occur. For example, many of the fault zones within mainland my country are earthquake zones.

[Point tracking training]

May 12, 2019 is the eleventh anniversary of the Wenchuan Earthquake. The magnitude of this major earthquake eleven years ago was 8.0. Answer questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. When an earthquake occurs, the place with the most serious damage is the source

B． The same earthquake has different magnitudes measured in different locations

C. Earthquakes, no matter how big or small, are destructive

D. The occurrence of most earthquakes is related to geological structures

2. Earthquakes often cause some secondary disasters. Which of the following disasters has nothing to do with earthquakes ()

A. Landslide B. Barrier lake appears

C. Heavy rain D. mudslide

Analysis: Question 1: When an earthquake occurs, the place with the most severe damage is the place with the greatest intensity, and the earthquake source is the source of the release of earthquake energy; an earthquake has only one magnitude; earthquakes with smaller magnitudes are not destructive. Question 2: Earthquakes often induce secondary disasters such as landslides and debris flows, and can also form barrier lakes. Heavy rains are caused by atmospheric movements and are not directly related to the occurrence of earthquakes.

PPT on the Causes of Natural Disasters, Part 4: Improving Literacy

On August 8, 2017, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, causing serious damage to the Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area. Answer questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. Which of the following statements about earthquakes is correct ()

A. An earthquake has only one magnitude

B． An earthquake has only one intensity

C. The closer to the epicenter, the greater the magnitude

D. The deeper the focal depth, the greater the intensity

2. The cause of this earthquake is ()

A. Collision between Indian Ocean Plate and Eurasian Plate

B． Collision between Eurasian and Pacific plates

C. African plate collides with Eurasian plate

D. Collision between Indian Ocean Plate and African Plate

Analysis: Question 1: Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. An earthquake has only one magnitude, and the magnitude is the same regardless of whether it is far or near the epicenter. Intensity indicates the degree of damage to the surface when an earthquake occurs. Generally speaking, the intensity of the same earthquake varies in different places. The closer to the epicenter, the greater the intensity; the further away from the epicenter, the lower the intensity. The shallower the earthquake source, the greater the intensity. Question 2: This place is close to the junction of the Indian Ocean Plate and the Eurasian Plate. As the Indian Ocean Plate moves towards the Eurasian Plate, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau rises rapidly, causing earthquakes.

5. read the article, answer the questions below.

Material: Distribution map of common geological hazards in some areas of southwestern my country.

(1) Briefly describe the natural causes of frequent earthquakes and debris flow disasters in the area from the aspects of crustal movement, climate and the correlation between disaster causes.

(2) Briefly describe the man-made reasons for the frequent occurrence of debris flows in this area.

(3) Briefly describe the hazards of debris flow.

Answer: (1) The crustal activity in this area is strong and earthquakes occur frequently, resulting in the development of mountain fractures, broken rocks, and severe weathering. Heavy rains in the rainy season are concentrated, resulting in frequent debris flow disasters.

(2) Human damage to vegetation.

(3) Wash away and submerge farmland, villages and towns, causing casualties; destroy transportation lines and other infrastructure; and cause economic losses.

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

This template belongs to Geography courseware Lu Ke version of high school geography compulsory course I industry PPT template

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