"British Bourgeois Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 7

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"British Bourgeois Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 7

Bourgeois revolution: A revolution mainly led by the bourgeoisie in order to overthrow the country's feudal autocratic rule (or foreign colonial rule), establish a capitalist system, and develop a capitalist economy.

From 1566 to 1609, the first bourgeois revolution in world history broke out in the Netherlands. (The Netherlands includes the current Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.)

Outline introduction, self-perception

1. What caused the revolution?

2. What is the fuse?

3. What is the start sign?

4. What is the sign of the end?

5. What are the institutions and purposes of formulating the Bill of Rights? What role did it play?

6. What impact did the revolution have?

1. Historical background:

Thought tips:

1. What is the development status of the new economy-capitalism?

2. What was the status of the system at that time - feudal rule?

3. What is the relationship between them?

1. Development of capitalism

Transferred from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Coast

Shifting European economic center of gravity

1. Geographical advantages

2. Active foreign trade and colonial plunder

Capitalism develops rapidly

Factory owners, merchants, bankers, farmers, etc.

The growth of the bourgeoisie

He retains his noble title but engages in capitalist management.

The emergence of a new aristocracy

2. Feudal autocratic rule:

James I: In 1603, King James Stuart of Scotland succeeded to the British throne and was called James I, beginning the rule of the Stuart dynasty in Britain. (The king's family name in this dynasty was Stuart, hence the name). In order to maintain the feudal autocratic rule, James I tried his best to advocate the "divine right of kings".

Analysis: Performance of feudal autocratic rule

Economically:

arbitrary taxation

Hold the monopoly rights on soap, salt, wine, coal and other commodities

Politically:

Parliament was closed for a time and no parliamentary rule was implemented (depriving members of their political rights)

To summarize: the fundamental reasons for the outbreak of revolution

Feudal autocratic rule of the Stuart dynasty (such as "divine right of kings")

It seriously damaged the interests of the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy, and also seriously hindered the development of British capitalism.

2. Revolutionary process: (refining major events)

1. Fuse: 1639

2. Start flag: 1640

3. Civil War: 1640-1648

4. Republic: 1649-1660

5. Restoration of royal power: 1660-1688

6. Glorious Revolution: 1688

The British bourgeois revolution was incomplete:

Performance: The establishment of a constitutional monarchy after the Glorious Revolution was the product of compromise between the bourgeoisie and the old feudal forces.

Root cause: Capitalism is not sufficiently developed and the power of the bourgeoisie is not strong enough

3. Promulgation of the Bill of Rights

1. Time: 1689

2. Purpose: To limit the royal power

3. Formulating body: Parliament

4. Content:

5. Significance: Marks the establishment of a constitutional monarchy

Progressiveness of the Bill of Rights:

The Bill of Rights pioneered the capitalist democratic system and marked the beginning of human society's transition from rule of man to rule of law.

Britain became the world's first constitutional monarchy and set an example for other countries in the world to limit autocratic royal power.

4. Historical significance: (domestic, international)

1. Overthrew the feudal autocratic monarchy and established the dominance of the bourgeoisie.

2. Cleared the way for the development of capitalism

3. Promoted the process of world history

Regarding the understanding of international significance:

It was a major victory of the capitalist system over the feudal system in human history, a major progress in human history, and the beginning of modern world history.

It also unveiled the prelude to the bourgeois revolutionary movement in Europe and North America and ushered in a new era of bourgeois revolution.

After-class questions:

Based on your knowledge of Chinese and foreign history, please make a simple comparison of the political systems of China and Britain during the same historical period.

Emperor Kangxi said: "Today, I am responsible for all affairs in the world, no matter how big or small. I have no choice but to delegate them to others. It will never be feasible. Therefore, no matter how big or small, I will make my own decisions."

(China is still a typical feudal system with an autocratic monarchy, while the United Kingdom has established a capitalist system with a constitutional monarchy.)

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