"British Bourgeois Revolution" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 4

"British Bourgeois Revolution" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 4

Bourgeois revolution:

The democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie aims to oppose the feudal system, establish the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, and clear obstacles to the development of capitalism. It usually ends with the bourgeoisie seizing power. The result is that the dictatorship of the landlord class is replaced by the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, and feudalism is replaced by the capitalist system.

1. Reasons

1. Root cause

2. Direct cause (fuse)

2. Process

(1) Start

(2) A turning battle

(3) Establish a republic

(4) "dictatorship"

(5) Restoration

(6) "Palace Coup" - "Glorious Revolution"

1. The causes of the British bourgeois revolution

1. The rapid development of British capitalist economy (transfer of trade center, colonial plunder, land enclosure movement)

2. The autocratic rule of the Stuart Dynasty (James I: divine right of kings; Charles I: closed Parliament and monopolized monopoly power)

1. Trigger: Scottish People’s Revolt (1637~1640)

2. Leadership class and institutions: the bourgeoisie and the new aristocratic (Cromwellian) Parliament;

3. Beginning: 1640, (Charles I) convening of the new Parliament

4. The turning point battle in the English Civil War (1642~1648): the Battle of Nasibi (1645), defeating the royal army

5. Establishment of the Republic: In 1649, Charles I was executed/pushed to the guillotine, and the British Republic was established.

2. The process of the British bourgeois revolution (1640-1689)

1. Trigger: Scottish People’s Revolt (1637~1640)

2. Leadership class and institutions: the bourgeoisie and the new aristocratic (Cromwellian) Parliament;

3. Beginning: 1640, (Charles I) convening of the new Parliament

4. The turning point battle in the English Civil War (1642~1648): the Battle of Nasibi (1645), defeating the royal army

5. Establishment of the Republic: In 1649, Charles I was executed/pushed to the guillotine, and the British Republic was established.

6. Dictatorship: During the Republic, (1653) Cromwell served as the "Lord Protector"

7. Restoration: (1660) Charles II was restored and launched a wild counterattack.

8. Overthrow of autocratic rule/end: ​​1688, palace coup ("Glorious Revolution"/) "bloodless revolution", the rule of the bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy was established

9. Establishing a new king: In 1689, James II’s daughter Mary II and son-in-law William III took over the throne

1. The People’s History Textbook describes the British Parliament after the bourgeois revolution: “Parliament can do everything except turning a woman into a man and a man into a woman.” This shows that after the British bourgeois revolution ( )

A. The center of power lies with the king B. The center of power lies with the parliament

C. The power of parliament is limited by the king D. Parliament is the symbol of the country

2. A classmate wrote a ballad about the process of the British bourgeois revolution to help him remember: "The divine right of kings prevailed, the king's tyranny continued unabated, Charles I raised funds, Cromwell rebelled..." Please continue to arrange the following in order. content

① The bourgeoisie was dissatisfied ② The autocratic king was beheaded ③ The father-in-law was driven out by his son-in-law ④ Charles II returned ( )

A. ②④①③ B. ①②④③

C. ②③④① D. ③②①④

3. The above is a simple diagram of the British bourgeois revolution process. Its characteristics are ( )

① Repeatability ② Tortuousness ③ Thoroughness ④ Compromise

A ① ② ③ ④ B ① ② ③

C ② ③ ④ D ① ② ④

4. The following are the major events that occurred in the British bourgeois revolution. The correct order of events is ( )

① Cromwell takes office as Lord Protector ② Promulgation of the Bill of Rights

③ Palace coup in 1688 ④ Restoration of Charles II

A ①②③④ B ①④②③

C ①④③② D ③①②④

In the process of the formation of capitalism, the struggle between the old and new forces was very fierce. After several iterations, the emerging bourgeoisie, which represented the advanced productive forces, finally won.

Please answer:

(1) In which year did the British bourgeois revolution break out? (1 point) Who was the King of England at that time? (1 point)

①1640; ②King: Charles I.

(2) Who is the leading class (or class) of this revolution? (1 point) Who is the representative figure? (1 point) What institutions did they use to fight the king? (1 point)

①The bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy; ②Cromwell; ③Parliament.

(3) In this revolution, who led the army to victory in two civil wars? Who was the king who restored feudal autocratic rule and carried out crazy counterattacks?

① Cromwell; ② Charles II

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