"Atmospheric Thermodynamic Circulation" Atmosphere on Earth PPT

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"Atmospheric Thermodynamic Circulation" Atmosphere on Earth PPT

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. The formation of atmospheric thermodynamic circulation

1. Concept: Air circulation formed due to _______ on the ground.

2. Formation process

(1) When ground A is heated, the air _______, and the density of the air near the ground decreases, forming _______; at D, the air accumulates and its density increases, forming _______.

(2) The ground at B and F is cooled, the air _______, and the density of the air near the ground increases, forming _______; the density of the air at C and E decreases, forming _______.

(3) Horizontal movement: The air near the ground flows from _______ to _______, and the air at high altitude flows from _______ to _______.

[Warm reminder]

(1) The air pressure value in the vertical direction is always greater near the ground than at high altitude. The air pressure value on the same horizontal plane is that high pressure is greater than low pressure.

(2) The vertical movement of airflow is caused by uneven cold and heat near the ground, while the horizontal movement is caused by the difference in air pressure on the same horizontal plane.

2. Thermal circulation in nature

1. Thermodynamic circulation is a common _______ phenomenon that may form between land and ocean, between hillsides and valleys.

2. valley wind

(1) After sunrise, the hillside is heated, the air becomes _______, and the air density becomes _______. However, the air at the same height above the valley is warmer than _______, but the density is still _______. Therefore, the air rises from the valley along the hillside, forming _______wind.

(2) At night, the radiation cooling of the hillside is _______ than that of the air at the same height above the valley. Therefore, the temperature drops and the air density increases than the air at the same height above the valley. This causes the air to flow along the hillside to the valley, forming _______ wind.

(3) Between mountainous areas and _______, valley wind characteristics sometimes appear.

Atmospheric Thermodynamic Circulation PPT, Part 2: Pay attention to problem-based teaching

Question 1: What is the formation principle of thermodynamic circulation? Important and difficult test points

[Thinking and exploring]

Kongming lanterns, also called sky lanterns, are said to have been invented by Zhuge Kongming during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhuge Kongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Pingyang and was unable to send troops out of the city to ask for help. Kong Ming made a floating paper lantern, tied it with a message for help, and later escaped from danger, so later generations called this kind of lantern Kong Ming Lantern.

[Problem Design]

1. Use "comprehensive thinking" to analyze how such a crude facility invented by Zhuge Kongming got airborne? What kind of atmospheric principle is contained in the Kongming Lantern?

Tip: The air in the Kongming Lantern expands and rises when heated. Thermodynamic circulation.

2. In southern my country, there is a custom of "burning straw pagodas" to pray for a good harvest in the coming year. During the straw burning process, the fire is fierce in the center of the tower, and ashes will fall on the periphery of the fire tower under calm wind conditions. What are the causes of airflow movement during straw burning from the perspective of "geographical practice"?

Tip: The ground is unevenly hot and cold. (The temperature in the center of the tower is high, and the airflow rises; the temperature outside the tower is low, and the airflow sinks.)

[System Cognition]

1. The formation principle of thermodynamic circulation

To understand the formation of thermodynamic circulation, the key is to grasp the following three relationships:

(1)Temperature and pressure relationship:

(2) Wind pressure relationship: In the horizontal direction, wind blows from high pressure to low pressure.

(3) The relationship between the concavity and convexity of the isobaric surface: the isobaric surface is convex at high pressure, and the isobaric surface is concave at low pressure. The bending directions of the isobaric surfaces near the ground and at high altitude are opposite.

2. Interpretation method of isobaric surface diagram

An isobaric surface is a surface composed of points with equal air pressure values ​​in space, and an isobaric line is a line composed of points with equal air pressure values ​​​​on the same horizontal plane. The isobaric surface diagram represents the vertical distribution of air pressure, and the isobaric line diagram represents the horizontal distribution of air pressure.

(1) At different altitudes at the same location, the higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure. As shown in the figure PA>PE.

(2) Near the ground, the higher the temperature, the lower the air pressure; the lower the temperature, the higher the air pressure. As shown in the figure PA

(3) On the same horizontal plane, the isobaric surfaces in high-pressure areas are all convex toward high altitudes, and the isobaric surfaces in low-pressure areas are all concave toward low altitudes, that is, "convex high and concave low."

(4) In the same vertical direction, the types of air pressure zones near the ground and high altitude are opposite, that is, high pressure near the ground and low pressure high at altitude.

3. Several common forms of thermodynamic circulation

Thermodynamic circulation is the simplest form of atmospheric motion. The thermal properties of sea and land are different, uneven cold and heat in valleys and hillsides, and human activities may lead to the formation of thermodynamic circulation. The specific analysis is as follows:

[Training to pass the test]

1. Regarding the air movement in the picture on the right, the correct statement is ()

A. ①The air rises because the air pressure is high

B． The air pressure at ③ is higher than that at ④, so the air sinks

C. ⑥The temperature is high and the air pressure is low, and the air sinks and replenishes

D. ④The temperature is low and the air contracts and sinks

2. Among the four diagrams of atmospheric motion caused by uneven heating and cooling shown below (the curves in the diagram represent isobaric surfaces and the straight lines represent contour surfaces), the correct one is ()

Analysis: When the air near the ground is cooled, it cools, contracts and sinks, forming high air pressure, and correspondingly low air pressure is formed in the upper air; when near the ground is heated, the air expands and rises, forming low air pressure, and correspondingly high air pressure is formed in the upper air; at high pressure, the isobaric surface bulges toward the high altitude. The isobaric surface bends downward at low pressure.

3. Read the picture, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The air pressure values ​​at the four points in the picture ①＜②＜③＜④

B． Sunny weather in the city

C. The temperature in place A is higher than that in place B

D. Air flow from point A to point B

Analysis: According to the distribution of the isobaric surface in the diagram, point ① is located below the isobaric surface, point ③ is located above the isobaric surface, and points ② and ④ are located on the isobaric surface. Combined with the general rule of air pressure distribution in the vertical direction: the higher the altitude The lower the air pressure, we can judge that the air pressure values ​​​​at the four points in the figure ①>②=④>③, A is wrong; point ① in the high altitude is high pressure, so the air pressure at place A near the ground is lower than that at place B, indicating that updrafts prevail at place A, so there are many In cloudy and rainy weather, item B is incorrect; the prevailing updraft in place A means that the temperature in place A is higher than that in place B, and item C is correct; the air pressure in place A near the ground is lower than that in place B, so the horizontal airflow flows from place B to place A, and item D is wrong.

Atmospheric Thermodynamic Circulation PPT, Part 3: Carry out structural evaluation of thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking - a brief discussion on the urban heat island effect

The urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon that cities are "higher" due to factors such as a large amount of artificial heat, high heat storage bodies such as buildings and roads, and a reduction in green spaces. The temperature in the city is significantly higher than that in the outer suburbs. With the rapid development of my country's economy, the level of urbanization has also increased rapidly, the speed of urban construction has further accelerated, and the urban heat island effect has become more prominent. To this end, what measures do you think should be taken to reduce the urban heat island effect?

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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