"Atmospheric Pressure" Pressure and Buoyancy PPT Courseware 2

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"Atmospheric Pressure" Pressure and Buoyancy PPT Courseware 2

1. Atmospheric pressure

1. The pressure produced by the atmosphere when an object immersed in the atmosphere is called atmospheric pressure, referred to as atmospheric pressure or air pressure. The atmosphere has pressure in all directions.

2. The cause of atmospheric pressure: air is subject to gravity and has fluidity.

Activity: Measurement of atmospheric pressure

Torricelli experiment:

Want to know about the world's first experiment to accurately measure atmospheric pressure?

2. Measurement of atmospheric pressure

1. Torricelli (Italy) experiment

Analysis: That is to say, the atmospheric pressure at this time is equal to the pressure generated by the 760 mm high mercury column.

P = ρgh

= 13.6 × 10 3kg/m3 × 9.8 N/kg × 0.76m

=1.013×10 5 Pa

1 Standard atmospheric pressure=76cm=760mm= 1.013× 10 5 Pa

Question: When doing Torricelli's experiment, do the following situations have any impact on the experimental results?

1. Choose a thicker or thinner glass tube.

2. Inject mercury into the mercury tank to raise the liquid level by 2cm.

3. Raise or lower the glass tube 1cm.

4. A small amount of air accidentally enters the glass tube.

5. The top of the glass tube suddenly cracked and a small hole appeared.

The magnitude of atmospheric pressure

1. It depends on the altitude. Within 3 kilometers above sea level, for every 10 meters of elevation, the atmospheric pressure decreases by 100 Pa.

2. It is related to the climate. Generally, it is higher in winter than in summer.

summary:

1. There is indeed atmospheric pressure around us

2. The earliest experiment to prove the existence of atmospheric pressure - the Magdeburg Hemisphere Experiment

3. The earliest experiment to measure the value of atmospheric pressure - the Torricelli experiment

4. The value of one standard atmospheric pressure is equivalent to the pressure generated by 760 mm of mercury.

5. The atmospheric pressure will change. The higher the altitude, the smaller the atmospheric pressure.

6. An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure - barometer

think?

1. When doing Torricelli's experiment, if the glass tube is tilted, then the mercury column in the tube ( )

A The length decreases B The height remains the same

C height increases D height decreases

2. In winter, the thermos bottle is not filled with water, and the cork is not easy to pull out when the temperature inside the bottle drops. This is mainly due to ( )

A The friction between the stopper and the bottle mouth is too large

B The mouth of the bottle shrinks when exposed to cold

C The air pressure inside the bottle is less than atmospheric pressure

D The original plug was too tight

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Update Time: 2024-09-11

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